A scalable and thin film approach for solar hydrogen generation: a review on enhanced photocatalytic water splitting

Gopinath, Chinnakonda S.; Nalajala, Naresh

doi:10.1039/d0ta09619a

Cited by 141 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…The enhanced light absorption of the thin lmbased photocatalyst could produce more charge carriers than the particulate catalyst. [17][18][19] Overall, the CTFs lm was easily integrated into a photochemical device that was found to be very promising for its practical application in photocatalytic HER.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[14][15] Compared with suspended powder, the lm-type photocatalysts possess inherent advantages: 1) better photocatalytic performance ascribing to the less light scattering and enhanced light absorption that generates more carriers; 2) easy to recycle and scalable since they can be easily integrated into immobilized photocatalytic systems. [16][17][18][19] The preparation of CTFs lms is, therefore, important for their practical photocatalytic applications. However, CTFs prepared by strategies as mentioned above were insoluble powders consisting of nanoscale semicrystals and were hard to process and load on supports.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immobilized Covalent Triazine Frameworks Films as Effective Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Hussain

Tan

2021

Preprint

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Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) have recently been demonstrated as promising materials for photocatalytic water splitting and are usually used in the form of suspended powder. From a practical point of view, immobilized CTFs materials are more suitable for large-scale water splitting applications, owing to their convenient separation and recycling potential. However, existing synthetic approaches mainly result in insoluble and unprocessable powders, which makes their future device application still a huge challenge. Herein, we report an aliphatic amine-assisted interfacial polymerization method to obtain free-standing, crystalline CTFs film with excellent photoelectric performance. The lateral size of the film was up to 250 cm2, the average thickness can be regulated from 30-500 nm. The crystalline structure was confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis. Intrigued by the good light absorption, crystalline structure, and big lateral size of the film, it was immobilized on a glass support that exhibited good photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance (5.4 mmol h-1 m-2) and was easy to recycle.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immobilized Covalent Triazine Frameworks Films as Effective Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Hussain

Tan

2021

Preprint

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“…Chemie comparison with the dispersed particulate system, which was mainly due to reduced light scattering in thin film. [20] Longterm photocatalytic experiments revealed that the obtained r-CTF NSs film device was stable under visible-light irradiation over 25 hours (Figure 6i).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrathin Crystalline Covalent‐Triazine‐Framework Nanosheets with Electron Donor Groups for Synergistically Enhanced Photocatalytic Water Splitting

et al. 2021

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Ultrathin nanosheets have great potential for photocatalytic applications,however,suffer from enlarged band gap and narrowed visible-light-responsive range due to the quantum confinement effect. Herein, we report an ovel redox strategy for efficient preparation of ultrathin crystalline amidefunctionalizedc ovalent-triazine-framework nanosheets (CTF NSs) with enhanced visible light absorption. The CTF NSs exhibited photocatalytic hydrogen (512.3 mmol h À1 )a nd oxygen (12.37 mmol h À1 )e volution rates much higher than that of pristine bulk CTF.Photocatalytic overall water splitting could be achieved with efficient stoichiometric H 2 (5.13 mmol h À1 ) and O 2 (2.53 mmol h À1 )e volution rates under visible light irradiation. Experimental and theoretical analysis revealed that introduction of amide groups as electron donor optimized the band structure and improve its visible-light absorption, hydrophilicity and carrier separation efficiency,thus resulting in the enhanced photocatalytic performance.The well-dispersed CTF NSs could be easily cast onto asupport as athin film device and demonstrate excellent photocatalytic activity (25.7 mmol h À1 m À2 for hydrogen evolution).

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“…Therefore, for the sustainable advancement of colonial human being and to make a greener earth for the betterment of the mankind and aquatic life, progress of pollution free and minimum‐energy consumption technologies for clean and renewable energy production as well as environmental recuperative is a vital assignment, which energize researchers to widen new‐fangled techniques to exploit solar energy for a comfort living [5–8] . On this aspect, water splitting process using heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalyst mimicking the natural photosynthesis received considerable attention as a green and sustainable technology owing to its pivotal prospective to solve energy crises and environmental issues [5–30] . Semiconductor photocatalysts for water splitting exhibits superior advantages as compared to conventional catalyst involving multiple steps, higher reaction parameter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in LDH@Graphene and Analogous Heterostructures for Highly Active and Stable Photocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Nayak

2021

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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Photocatalytic (PC) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a plethora of green technological process, which transforms copiously available photon energy into valuable chemical energy. With the augmentation of modern civilization, developmental process of novel semiconductor photocatalysts proceeded at a sweltering rate, but the overall energy conversion efficiency of semiconductor photocatalysts in PC/PEC is moderately poor owing to the instability ariseing from the photocorrosion and messy charge configuration. Particularly, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as reassuring multifunctional photocatalysts, turned out to be intensively investigated owing to the lamellar structure and exceptional physico‐chemical properties. However, major drawbacks of LDHs material are its low conductivity, sluggish mass transfer and structural instability in acidic media, which hinder their applicability and stability. To surmount these obstacles, the formation of LDH@graphene and analogus heterostructures could proficiently amalgamate multi‐functionalities, compensate distinct shortcomings, and endow novel properties, which ensure effective charge separation to result in stability and superior catalytic activities. Herein, we aim to summarize the currently updated synthetic strategies used to design heterostructures of 2D LDHs with 2D/3D graphene and graphene analogus material as graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4), and MoS2 as mediator, or interlayer support, or co‐catalyst or vice versa for superior PC/PEC water splitting activities along with long‐term stabilities. Furthermore, latest characterization technique measuring the stability along with variant interface mode for imparting charge separation in LDH@graphene and graphene analogus heterostructure has been identified in this field of research with understanding the intrinsic structural features and activities.

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A scalable and thin film approach for solar hydrogen generation: a review on enhanced photocatalytic water splitting

Abstract: Although four decades of efforts have gone into solar water splitting (SWS), still success eludes and there is no big breakthrough till date. While huge importance is given either individually...

Cited by 141 publications

References 107 publications

Immobilized Covalent Triazine Frameworks Films as Effective Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Immobilized Covalent Triazine Frameworks Films as Effective Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Ultrathin Crystalline Covalent‐Triazine‐Framework Nanosheets with Electron Donor Groups for Synergistically Enhanced Photocatalytic Water Splitting

Recent Progress in LDH@Graphene and Analogous Heterostructures for Highly Active and Stable Photocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

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