A saturated fatty acid–rich diet induces an obesity-linked proinflammatory gene expression profile in adipose tissue of subjects at risk of metabolic syndrome

Dijk, Susan J. van; Feskens, Edith J. M.; Bos, M.; Hoelen, Dianne W M; Heijligenberg, Rik; Bromhaar, Mechteld Grootte; Groot, Lisette C. P. G. M. de; Vries, J.H.M. de; Müller, Michael; Afman, Lydia A.

doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.27792

Cited by 248 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This is consistent with in vitro data in adipocytes, showing that TNF-a induces lipolysis (Yang et al 2011) and reinforces the association between inflammation and increased lipolysis, as has previously been shown (Langin et al 2005). Taken together, these data together with ours suggest that the increase in lipolysis after the consumption of saturated fat may be a consequence of a decrease in insulin sensitivity caused by the inflammatory status, which has indeed been shown to be made worse by saturated fat (Peairs et al 2011;van Dijk et al 2009). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Dietary fat modifies lipid metabolism in the adipose tissue of metabolic syndrome patients

et al. 2014

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Adipose tissue (AT) is a key organ in the regulation of total body lipid homeostasis, which is responsible for the storage and release of fatty acids according to metabolic needs. We aimed to investigate the effect of the quantity and quality of dietary fat on the lipogenesis and lipolysis processes in the AT of metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients. A randomized, controlled trial conducted within the LIPGENE study assigned MetS patients to one of four diets: (a) high-saturated fatty acid (HSFA) (b) highmonounsaturated fatty acid, and (c, d) two low-fat, highcomplex carbohydrate diets supplemented with long chain (LC) n-3 (LFHCC n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or placebo (LFHCC), for 12 weeks each. A fat challenge reflecting the same fatty acid composition as the original diets was conducted post-intervention. Long-term consumption of the LFHCC diet induced an increase in the fasting expression levels of the sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 and stearoyl-CoA desaturase D9-desaturase genes, whereas the supplementation of this diet with n-3 PUFA reversed this effect (p = 0.007). In contrast, long-term consumption of the HSFA diet increased the expression of the adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) gene, at both fasting and postprandial states (both, p \ 0.001). Our results showed the anti-lipogenic effect exerted by LC n-3 PUFA when administered together with a LFHCC diet. Conversely, a diet high in saturated fat increased the expression of the lipolytic gene ATGL relative to the other diets.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Dietary fat modifies lipid metabolism in the adipose tissue of metabolic syndrome patients

et al. 2014

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“…In addition, for males, a significant association was observed between haplotype 3 and BMI in the group of subjects with low fat intake. However, the total dietary fat includes both saturated fatty acids and ω-3 PUFAs, which have opposite effects on the development of obesity (8,14,17). Therefore, it is possible that some of the subjects with low fat intake consumed low amounts of ω-3 PUFAs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The combined effects of genetic variations in the GPR120 gene and dietary fat intake on obesity risk

et al. 2013

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Obesity is a complex multifactorial disorder resulting from the action and interaction of many genetic factors and environmental factors. Recently, it has become clear that inflammation is a key feature of obesity. Long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have anti-inflammatory effects, and the G protein-coupled receptor GPR120 was reported to mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of ω-3 PUFAs. In addition, it was reported that GPR120 is involved in the development of obesity in mice and humans. In this study, we investigated whether common genetic variants of the GPR120 gene could influence the risk of obesity in a Japanese population. Our data suggest that the combination of common genetic variations in the GPR120 gene and dietary fat intake is a possible determinant of body mass index.

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“…A number of nutritional studies have used a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) based metabolomic approach to analyse fatty acids (FAs) and amino acids (AAs) [34,41] FAs play an important role in metabolic health taking part in many cellular processes, serving as energy reserves or regulating gene expression. Obese subjects report elevated concentrations of serum total FAs, which may have an impact on the development of metabolic syndrome and related disorders [22,50,52]. However, aside from the amount of total lipids, the type of fat has been suggested to be crucial in the development of obesity [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics identifies changes in fatty acid and amino acid profiles in serum of overweight older adults following a weight loss intervention

et al. 2014

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3 AbstractThe application of metabolomics in nutritional research may be a useful tool to analyse and predict the response to a dietary intervention. The aim of this study was to examine metabolic changes in serum samples following exposure to an energy-restricted diet (-15% of daily energy requirements) over a period of 8 weeks in overweight and obese older adults (n=22) using a GC/MS metabolomic approach. After the 8 weeks, there were significant reductions in weight (7%) and metabolic improvement (glucose and lipid profile). Metabolomic analysis found that total saturated fatty acids (SFAs), including palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) were significantly decreased after the 8 week intervention.Furthermore, palmitoleic acid (C16:1) was found to be a negative predictor of change in body fat loss. Both the total ω-6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) significantly decreased although the overall total amounts of PUFAs did not. The branched chain amino acid (BCAA) isoleucine significantly decreased in the serum samples after the intervention. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the weight loss intervention based on a hypocaloric diet identified changes in the metabolic profiles of serum in overweight and obese older adults, with a reduction in anthropometric and biochemical parameters also found.

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A saturated fatty acid–rich diet induces an obesity-linked proinflammatory gene expression profile in adipose tissue of subjects at risk of metabolic syndrome

Cited by 248 publications

References 45 publications

Dietary fat modifies lipid metabolism in the adipose tissue of metabolic syndrome patients

Dietary fat modifies lipid metabolism in the adipose tissue of metabolic syndrome patients

The combined effects of genetic variations in the GPR120 gene and dietary fat intake on obesity risk

Metabolomics identifies changes in fatty acid and amino acid profiles in serum of overweight older adults following a weight loss intervention

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