A Saponification Method for Chlorophyll Removal from Microalgae Biomass as Oil Feedstock

Li, Tao; Xu, Jin; Wu, Hao; Wang, Guanghua; Dai, Shikun; Fan, Jing; He, Hui; Xiang, Wenzhou

doi:10.3390/md14090162

Cited by 53 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The lack of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in some ATPSs could be due to low extraction efficiencies or a change in the molecule structure by oxidation. Chlorophyll stability is affected by temperature, light irradiance, acids, bases and oxygen, causing the loss of its magnesium ion and/or phytol group and a change in colour to olive‐brown . Pigments were not detected in the interfaces and bottom phases by RP‐HPLC, due to the lack of or insufficient amount of pigments present in those phases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective and mild fractionation of microalgal proteins and pigments using aqueous two‐phase systems

Ruiz

Emmery

Wijffels

et al. 2018

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUNDMicroalgal biomass is generally used to produce a single product instead of valorizing all of the cellular components. The biomass production and downstream processes are too expensive if only one product is valorized. A new approach was proposed for the simultaneous and selective partitioning of pigments and proteins from disrupted Neochloris oleoabundans cultivated under saline and freshwater conditions.RESULTSAn aqueous two‐phase system composed of polyethylene glycol and cholinium dihydrogen phosphate selectively separated microalgal pigments from microalgal proteins. 97.3 ± 1.0% of lutein and 51.6 ± 2.3% of chlorophyll were recovered in the polymer‐rich phase. Simultaneously, up to 92.2 ± 2.0% of proteins were recovered in a third phase (interface) in between the aqueous phases (interface). The recovered proteins, including Rubisco with a molecular weight of ∼560 kDa, seem to be intact and pigments did not suffer degradation, demonstrating the mildness of this system for fractionating microalgal biomolecules.CONCLUSIONThe ability of aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPSs) to simultaneously and efficiently fractionate different biomolecules in a mild manner from disrupted microalgae is demonstrated. This is an important step towards the development of a multiproduct microalgae biorefinery. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective and mild fractionation of microalgal proteins and pigments using aqueous two‐phase systems

Ruiz

Emmery

Wijffels

et al. 2018

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…However, the improvement in recovery was achieved by increasing the temperature to 80 • C. A procedure that might be justified as (i) the thermal effect must be sufficient to break the cell walls from the avocado fruit and provide a rapid molecular diffusion to promote reaction; (ii) higher temperatures increase solubility of lipophilic compounds and enhance kinetics of saponification (i.e., favors localized "hot spots" which deliver sufficient energy for the molecules to react) [42]. We chose hot saponification to diminish reaction time; a similar approach has been reported elsewhere [43].…”

Section: Performance During Saponificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental design consisted of maintaining constant reaction time (1 h), the concentration of radical protection agent (0.1 g/100 mL), and the extraction solvent (hexane). Base concentration was contrasted (1 vs. 2 mol KOH L ethanol −1 [43] for each temperature), and the temperature was progressively increased (60, 80, and 95 • C). The conditions that rendered the most recoveries were selected to process the samples.…”

Section: Optimization Of Saponification Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous LC/MS Analysis of Carotenoids and Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Costa Rican Avocados (Persea americana Mill.)

et al. 2019

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Avocado (a fruit that represents a billion-dollar industry) has become a relevant crop in global trade. The benefits of eating avocados have also been thoroughly described as they contain important nutrients needed to ensure biological functions. For example, avocados contain considerable amounts of vitamins and other phytonutrients, such as carotenoids (e.g., β-carotene), which are fat-soluble. Hence, there is a need to assess accurately these types of compounds. Herein we describe a method that chromatographically separates commercial standard solutions containing both fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin A acetate and palmitate, Vitamin D2 and D3, vitamin K1, α-, δ-, and γ-vitamin E isomers) and carotenoids (β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein, β-carotene, and lycopene) effectively (i.e., analytical recoveries ranging from 80.43% to 117.02%, for vitamins, and from 43.80% to 108.63%). We optimized saponification conditions and settled at 80 °C using 1 mmol KOH L−1 ethanol during 1 h. We used a non-aqueous gradient that included methanol and methyl tert-butyl ether (starting at an 80:20 ratio) and a C30 chromatographic column to achieve analyte separation (in less than 40 min) and applied this method to avocado, a fruit that characteristically contains both types of compounds. We obtained a method with good linearity at the mid to low range of the mg L−1 (determination coefficients 0.9006–0.9964). To determine both types of compounds in avocado, we developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamins based on liquid chromatography and single quadrupole mass detection (LC/MS). From actual avocado samples, we found relevant concentrations for cholecalciferol (ranging from 103.5 to 119.5), δ-tocopherol (ranging from 6.16 to 42.48), and lutein (ranging from 6.41 to 15.13 mg/100 g dry weight basis). Simmonds cultivar demonstrated the higher values for all analytes (ranging from 0.03 (zeaxanthin) to 119.5 (cholecalciferol) mg/100 g dry weight basis).

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“…The crude extracts were qualitatively tested for presence/absence of active compounds (glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, saponins and tannins), with prior removal of chlorophyll by saponification method in the presence of 1 M sodium hydroxide as described by Li et al (2016). To 50 µl extract, 200 µl of 1% sodium hydroxide was added and the mixture was left in the dark at room temperature.…”

Section: Determination Of Properties Of Dye Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-prospecting of macro-algae for potential industrial dyes

Njiru¹,

Makonde²,

Kahindo³

et al. 2018

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Synthetic dyes have been used for different purposes in various fields, but their continued usage has presented both environmental and health challenges. Therefore, alternative safer dye sources are inevitable. Algae have different pigments with potential for exploitation and usage in different socioeconomic sectors. The aim of this study was to bio prospect dyes from macro-algal species of the Indian Ocean marine ecosystem. Six algal samples were collected from Coastal beaches along the Kenyan Indian Ocean during the wet and dry seasons. The samples were processed and used for pigment extraction and screening. Pigments were extracted using ethanol, acetone, diethyl ether and hexane in sequential with distilled water. Subsequently, the crude extracts were analyzed for pigment component using spectrophotometry and qualitatively for presence of active components. From the six species, Ulva reticulata was the best dye producer in ethanol and distilled water. All extracts were coloured green except those from Galaxaura subverticillata which gave a dark red extract in 80% hexane and a brown extract in distilled water. The crude extracts also contained different active components, with phenols being the most common component in ethanol and acetone extracts. This study demonstrates that macro-algae species from the Indian Ocean ecosystem contain useful pigments for biotechnological exploitation. Future studies should focus on increasing the pigment content through genetic manipulation of macroalgae and analysis of the pigments using modern methods such as the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

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A Saponification Method for Chlorophyll Removal from Microalgae Biomass as Oil Feedstock

Cited by 53 publications

References 37 publications

Selective and mild fractionation of microalgal proteins and pigments using aqueous two‐phase systems

Selective and mild fractionation of microalgal proteins and pigments using aqueous two‐phase systems

Simultaneous LC/MS Analysis of Carotenoids and Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Costa Rican Avocados (Persea americana Mill.)

Bio-prospecting of macro-algae for potential industrial dyes

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