“…Several studies have shown the potential of this technique for cervical precancer and cancer diagnosis based on changes to the biochemistry of cervical tissues and cells [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. In addition, both Raman spectroscopy [ 18 , 19 , 20 ] and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) using gold or silver nanoparticles [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ] have shown good potential for cervical cancer detection using blood serum or plasma. Apart from studies on pellets of exfoliated cells [ 25 , 26 ] and our own studies on single exfoliated cells [ 13 , 15 , 17 , 27 , 28 , 29 ], there have been relatively few cytology studies using Raman spectroscopy.…”