A sampling plan for conduit-flow karst springs: minimizing sampling cost and maximizing statistical utility

Currens, James C.

doi:10.1016/s0013-7952(98)00064-7

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…1) and thus not truly representative of contaminant discharges (see for example, Quinlan and Alexander 1987;Malet et al 2017). Representative is defined in this context as 95 % confidence that a mean calculated from a finite set of samples gathered over a specific period of time is equivalent to a mean calculated from a very large sample set collected over the same period of time and including both periodic samples and samples collected at more frequent intervals during high-flow events (Currens 1999).…”

Section: Brief Review Of Problem Of Conventional Grab Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Automatic water samplers can be programmed to collect water samples at sufficiently high sampling rates as to collect representative water samples from springs shown to be connected to the contaminated site, but such an approach would likely be prohibitively expensive. Even setting a sampling frequency as infrequent as daily for an entire year could both be extremely expensive and insufficiently frequent at the same time (Quinlan and Alexander 1987;Felton and Taraba 1995;Currens 1999;Blatnik et al 2020).…”

Section: Brief Review Of Problem Of Conventional Grab Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The event-drivensampling methodology was shown in Quinlan and Alexander (1987) to result in representative samples at the test site, but the problem of knowing when a precipitation event was going to start, how much precipitation should be deemed adequate, and associated costs in terms of personnel on standby and actual sample collection and the numerous laboratory analyses are all problematic. Although not greatly prevalent, some examples of event-driven sampling in karst terranes do exist (Currens 1999;Lerch et al 2001;Kilroy and Coxon 2004;Trček 2007).…”

Section: Brief Review Of Event-driven Sampling For Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amostragem de água subterrânea em terrenos cársticos: amostragem passiva em comparação à estratégia de amostragem baseada em eventos

Field

2020

Hydrogeol J

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Karst aquifers are very easily contaminated because of the surficial features that commonly exist in karst terranes. Pollutant releases into sinkholes, sinking streams, and/or losing streams commonly result in concentrated solutes rapidly infiltrating and migrating through the subsurface to eventually discharge at downgradient springs unless intercepted by production wells, but slow percolation through soils also may result in serious contamination of karst aquifers. The unique features of karst terranes tend to cause significant problems in the interpretation of results obtained from water-quality grab samples of karst groundwater. To obtain more representative samples, event-driven sampling was proposed some decades ago, but event-driven sampling can be difficult and expensive to implement. In this paper, application of passive-sampling strategies is advocated as a means for effectively obtaining representative water-quality samples from karst aquifers. A passive-sampling methodology may be particularly useful for karst aquifers that may be found in complexly folded and faulted terranes. For example, a groundwater tracing investigation of a contaminated site in a karst terrane confirmed that several offsite springs and wells are connected to the contaminated site. Tracer recoveries suggested transport rates that were relatively slow for flow in a karstic aquifer (~0.02 m/s). Breakthrough curves were erratic and spiky. To obtain representative groundwater samples, a passive-sampling methodology is recommended.

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Section: Brief Review Of Problem Of Conventional Grab Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brief Review Of Problem Of Conventional Grab Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brief Review Of Event-driven Sampling For Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amostragem de água subterrânea em terrenos cársticos: amostragem passiva em comparação à estratégia de amostragem baseada em eventos

Field

2020

Hydrogeol J

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“…Metode analisis yang digunakan merupakan gabungan dari beberapa metode yang dilakukan oleh Etfimi (2005), Raesi dan Karami (1997), serta Wang dan Luo (2001). Sementara itu, kerangka waktu pengambilan sampel yang akan digunakan mengacu pada Currens (1999), dengan sedikit modifikasi. Sumber : telaah pustaka oleh penulis (2006) Secara metodologis, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan spasial yaitu membandingkan kondisi aliran, hidrogeokimia dan tingkat agresivitas air untuk melarutkan batugamping pada suatu ruang yaitu daerah tangkapan hujan SBT Bribin, sehingga mendapatkan hasil karakteristik yang berbeda pada masing-masing titik yang diamati di SBT Bribin dari hulu ke hilir.…”

Section: E Keaslian Penelitianunclassified

Variasi Spasial-Temporal Hidrogeokimia Dan Sifat Aliran Untuk Karakterisasi Sistem Karst Dinamis Di Sungai Bawah Tanah Bribin, Kabupaten Gunung Kidul, Diy

Adji¹

2017

Preprint

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Penelitian ini dilakukan pada kawasan bertopografi karst, yaitu daerahtangkapan Sungai Bawah Tanah (SBT) Bribin yang secara administratif terletak diKabupaten Gunungkidul, Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Tujuan dari penelitianini adalah: (1) menganalisis variasi spasial dan temporal karakteristik dan persentasealiran dasar (PAD) SBT Bribin; (2) mengevaluasi karakter hidrogeokimia SBT Bribindan mencari hubungan dengan sifat alirannya; (3) mengkarakterisasi kondisi SistemKarst Dinamis (SKD) SBT Bribin yang didekati dengan paramater tingkat agresivitasair terhadap batuan gamping dan hubungannya dengan kondisi paramater SKD SBTBribin sepanjang tahun.Untuk mengetahui karakteristik aliran dan PAD, tiga alat pencatat fluktuasimuka air SBT dipasang di hulu, hilir, dan bocoran SBT Bribin selama satu tahun, danpengukuran debit aliran dilakukan untuk memperoleh kurva hubungan debit dan tinggimuka air SBT. Kemudian, dilakukan pemisahan aliran dasar dengan cara digitalfiltering untuk menghitung besarnya PAD setelah sebelumnya dihitung nilai konstantaresesi aliran diffuse, fissure, dan conduitnya. Untuk mengetahui karakter hidrogeokimiaSBT, sebanyak 120 sampel air diambil dan dianalisis sepanjang tahun di SBT Bribinyang meliputi air tetesan gua, air hujan, dan air SBT. Scatter plot antar parameterhidrogeokimia kemudian dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara PAD danhidrogeokimia, serta untuk mengetahui proses hidrogeokimia yang terjadi. Selanjutnya,untuk mengetahui tingkat agresivitas air SBT dilakukan analisis Indeks Kejenuhanterhadap mineral kalsit, sedangkan hubungan antar parameter SKD pada gua di bagianhulu dan hilir dilakukan untuk mengkarakterisasi kondisi SKD sepanjang SBT Bribin.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan karakteristik aliransungai bawah tanah secara temporal dan spasial di SBT Bribin karena adanya perbedaansifat akuifer karst untuk melepaskan komponen aliran diffuse, fissure, dan conduit. Halini mengakibatkan adanya perbedaan karakteristik PAD di sepanjang SBT Bribin.Selanjutnya, karakteristik PAD berpengaruh terhadap karakter hidrogeokimia sungaibawah tanah terutama pada musim kemarau. Pada musim hujan, hidrogeokimia sungaibawah tanah lebih dipengaruhi oleh kejadian banjir yang mengakibatkan turunnya PADkarena adanya proses pengenceran oleh air hujan (dilution by precipitation) yangmenaikkan kandungan CO2 dalam air. Secara umum, gua di hilir SBT Bribin lebihbersifat agresif untuk melarutkan batuan gamping dibandingkan gua di daerah hulukarena adanya perbedaan sifat pelorongan gua, dimana bagian hilir mempunyai sifatpelorongan terbuka sehingga selalu ada pasokan gas karbondioksida untuk mendukungproses pelarutan.

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Coupling major ions and trace elements to turbidity dynamics for allogenic contribution assessment in a binary karst system (Sierra de Ubrique, S Spain)

Fernández-Ortega,

Barberá,

Andreo

2023

Environ Earth Sci

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This investigation deals with the application of a multi-technique approach combining data from turbidity, major ions, and trace elements to characterize the implications of allogenic recharge in a binary karst system and assess the relative hydrochemical contribution to karst springs captured for drinking use. Hydrodynamic and hydrochemical responses of the outlets to storm events were continuously monitored during four selected flooding events, and water samples were collected at the main sinking stream in the recharge area and discharge points (Cornicabra and Algarrobal springs) for chemical analysis. The obtained hydrogeochemical dataset was analyzed through mean of time-series and statistical analysis and allowed to describe the fate and origin of trace elements. Despite that most of analyzed components present a natural origin, the existence of a Wastewater Treatment Plant in the recharge area was determined to be the main source of P (phosphorus) concentrations measured in the karst springs. Sediment (particulate) transport constitutes the most important factor in the mobilization of Al, Mn, Ni, and Ba in both surface and groundwater, whilst Li, Sr, and P are mainly controlled by solute migration. The hydrochemical signature of allogenic water component was constrained by identifying characteristic correlations between Ba and Ca/Sr ratio in water samples. The combination of specific hydrogeological processes as ion solution and sorption processes onto solids between solutes and particles as well as water mixing processes (allogenic vs diffuse) result more evident in Algarrobal spring, which receives a higher contribution of allogenic component due to a greater feeding catchment.

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A sampling plan for conduit-flow karst springs: minimizing sampling cost and maximizing statistical utility

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Amostragem de água subterrânea em terrenos cársticos: amostragem passiva em comparação à estratégia de amostragem baseada em eventos

Amostragem de água subterrânea em terrenos cársticos: amostragem passiva em comparação à estratégia de amostragem baseada em eventos

Variasi Spasial-Temporal Hidrogeokimia Dan Sifat Aliran Untuk Karakterisasi Sistem Karst Dinamis Di Sungai Bawah Tanah Bribin, Kabupaten Gunung Kidul, Diy

Coupling major ions and trace elements to turbidity dynamics for allogenic contribution assessment in a binary karst system (Sierra de Ubrique, S Spain)

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