A safety function response time model for wireless industrial control

Pimentel, Victoria; Nickerson, Bradford G.

doi:10.1109/iecon.2014.7049079

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The paper includes an analytical description of SFRT , as well as its experimental evaluation carried out for a prototype network. In [ 19 ], the authors focus on the description of SFRT for safety protocols based on wireless networks. Specifically, they consider the IEEE 802.15.4e standard [ 20 ] and propose a theoretical model to determine the SFRT .…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, the standard specifies that the SFRT definition includes errors or failures in the communication channel. This leads to the equations provided in [ 10 , 19 ].…”

Section: Performance Indexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a matter of fact, the definition of SFRT does not specify the number of “errors or failures in the safety function channel”. Thus, in some contributions (e.g., [ 17 , 18 ]), the calculation is made considering a single failure, whereas [ 19 ] extends the analysis including multiple error sources.…”

Section: Performance Indexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time-Sensitive Networking to Improve the Performance of Distributed Functional Safety Systems Implemented over Wi-Fi

Morato,

Vitturi,

Tramarin

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Industry 4.0 has significantly improved the industrial manufacturing scenario in recent years. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) enables the creation of globally interconnected smart factories, where constituent elements seamlessly exchange information. Industry 5.0 has further complemented these achievements, as it focuses on a human-centric approach where humans become part of this network of things, leading to a robust human–machine interaction. In this distributed, dynamic, and highly interconnected environment, functional safety is essential for adequately protecting people and machinery. The increasing availability of wireless networks makes it possible to implement distributed and flexible functional safety systems. However, such networks are known for introducing unwanted delays that can lead to safety performance degradation due to their inherent uncertainty. In this context, the Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) standards present an attractive prospect for enhancing and ensuring acceptable behaviors. The research presented in this paper deals with the introduction of TSN to implement functional safety protocols for wireless networks. Among the available solutions, we selected Wi-Fi since it is a widespread network, often considered and deployed for industrial applications. The introduction of a reference functional safety protocol is detailed, along with an analysis of how TSN can enhance its behavior by evaluating relevant performance indexes. The evaluation pertains to a standard case study of an industrial warehouse, tested through practical simulations. The results demonstrate that TSN provides notable advantages, but it requires meticulous coordination with the Wi-Fi MAC layer protocol to guarantee improved performance.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, the standard specifies that the SFRT definition includes errors or failures in the communication channel. This leads to the equations provided in [ 10 , 19 ].…”

Section: Performance Indexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Time-Sensitive Networking to Improve the Performance of Distributed Functional Safety Systems Implemented over Wi-Fi

Morato,

Vitturi,

Tramarin

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…In [15], the authors study the dependability of low-power wireless networks, and use the OpenMote-CC2538 as the state-of-the-art hardware for industrial applications. In [16], the authors study the applicability of the OpenWSN implementation running on the OpenMote-CC2358 to run wireless control loops in industrial applications Standardization Support. Standardization of communications protocols is a fundamental step to enable massive adoption of technologies.…”

Section: Example Use Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

OpenMote: Open-Source Prototyping Platform for the Industrial IoT

Vilajosana

Tuset²,

Watteyne

et al. 2015

Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering

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Abstract. This paper introduces OpenMote, the latest generation of Berkeley motes. OpenMote is a open-hardware prototyping ecosystem designed to accelerate the development of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). It features the OpenMote-CC2538, a state-of-the-art computing and communication device. This device interfaces with several other accessories, or "skins", through a standardized connector. The skins developed to date include boards to provide power, boards which enable a developer to easily debug the platform, and boards to allow seamless integration of an OpenMote network into the Internet.This hardware ecosystem is complemented by a suite of software tools and ports to popular open-source IoT implementations. The OpenMote platform is for example tailored to run the OpenWSN open-source implementation of emerging IIoT standards. The combination of hardware and software ecosystems gives an embedded programmer an intuitive and complete development environment, and an end-user a fully working low-power wireless mesh networking solution running the latest IIoT standards.

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“…With respect to the reaction time shown in Equation ( 1 ), SFRT represents a more comprehensive index, since it explicitly includes the case of errors in the communication system. Although its specific formulation is related to ProfiSAFE, it has been subsequently characterized by [ 26 , 27 ] for other protocols. In the following, we provide an analytical description of SFRT for FSoE.…”

Section: The Fail Safe Over Ethercat Protocol Implemented On Wifimentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Safety Networks and Protocols in the Industrial Internet of Things Era

Peserico

Morato

Tramarin

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Functional safety networks are becoming of paramount importance in industrial systems, due to the progressive innovation introduced by the Industry 4.0 paradigm, characterized by high production flexibility, reliability and scalability. In this context, new and challenging applications have emerged such as hyperautomation, which refers to the combination of machine vision, robotics, communication, and learning, with the explicit involvement of humans. This requires the pervasive and ubiquitous connectivity encompassed by the Industrial Internet of Things, typically achieved via wireless systems. As an example, wireless communications are today fundamental to open up to new categories of autonomous devices that can actively collaborate with human personnel in the production process. This challenging scenario has important implications for safety. Indeed, a reliable coordination among sensors, actuators and computing systems is required to provide satisfactory levels of safety, especially in the case of innovative processes and technologies, such as mobile and collaborative robotics. Hence, it becomes imperative to ensure the correct transfer of safety-critical data via communication networks. In this paper, we address the challenges concerned with functional safety networks and protocols in Industrial Internet of Things ecosystems. We first introduce the design characteristics of functional safety networks and discuss the adoption of safety protocols over wireless networks. Then, we specifically address one of such protocols, namely Fail Safety over EtherCAT (FSoE), and provide the results of an extensive experimental session carried out exploiting a prototype system, implemented using commercial devices based on a WiFi network. Finally, the outcomes of the experiments are used as a basis for a discussion about future trends of functional safety in the Industrial Internet of Things era.

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A safety function response time model for wireless industrial control

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Time-Sensitive Networking to Improve the Performance of Distributed Functional Safety Systems Implemented over Wi-Fi

Time-Sensitive Networking to Improve the Performance of Distributed Functional Safety Systems Implemented over Wi-Fi

OpenMote: Open-Source Prototyping Platform for the Industrial IoT

Functional Safety Networks and Protocols in the Industrial Internet of Things Era

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