A run-time mechanism for referencing variables

Formal Semantics of Programming Languages: VDL

“…The first stumbling attempts to use VOL for that purpose are found in [12]. The published trace of this activity is found in [13][14][15][16][17][18]. A significant improvement in the metalanguage and the mathematical apparatus has been worked out and is known as META-IV.…”

Scientific Decisions which Characterize VDM

“…We went on to give correctness proofs of standard compiler algorithms [29,53]; to detect bugs in IBM products [28,31]; and to devise new implementations based on the models of languages and target machines (e.g. [32]). 7 Another important contribution by Lucas from this phase was his insistence that we try to separate language concepts.…”