A route towards graphene from lignocellulosic biomass: Technicality, challenges, and their prospective applications

Farid, Mohammed Abdillah Ahmad; Andou, Yoshito

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135090

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…Unlike traditional graphene manufacturing techniques, which rely on fossil-based feedstocks and energy-intensive procedures, biobased graphene is obtained from renewable sources like bamboo lignin or other biomass feedstocks, making it a greener alternative. 17 This sustainability aligns harmoniously with the principles of green chemistry and environmental stewardship. Moreover, the costeffectiveness of biobased graphene synthesis has the potential to make graphene-based membranes for water treatment applications more economically accessible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Fabrication of Graphene-Based Nanofiltration Membrane from Fractionated Bamboo Lignin for Dye Removal and Desalination

Ahmad Farid,

Sabidi,

Ruozhu

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Eng. Mater.

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The growing demand for sustainable and renewable materials has driven extensive research into the use of lignocellulosic biomass as a promising feedstock for the development of advanced biobased membranes. In this present work, we established the viability of producing greener lignin-derived graphene oxide (bGO) and reduced graphene oxide (brGO) membranes from bamboo biomass to fabricate an ordered two-dimensional (2D) laminar channel for nanofiltration. It is imperative to emphasize that our methodology is intricately designed as a sequential strategy for the synthesis of bGO and brGO. This meticulously orchestrated sequence encompasses graphitization followed by consecutive oxidation and reduction processes, all unfolding prior to the subsequent facile layer-by-layer deposition, a pivotal step in membrane fabrication. The as-prepared bGO and brGO membranes showed nanosize pore openings of 1.15 and 0.03 nm and water pathway lengths of 65.15 and 49.09 nm, respectively. Pronounce enhancement by 52-to 60-fold in water permeance was exhibited using the brGO membrane for rejection of organic dyes (methylene blue, MB; direct red 81, DR-81) and salt (sodium sulfate, Na 2 SO 4 ) solutions compared to lignin-derived graphene oxide (bGO) membrane while the rejections remained comparable at 88, 99, and 57.6% for Na 2 SO 4 , MB, and DR-81, respectively. The brGO membrane's remarkable mechanical stability was also proven in an ultrasound test, withstanding up to 2 h without swelling and hence resistant to disintegration under solution immersion conditions. This work provides insight into the fabrication of graphene-based membranes from biomass for highly efficient nanofiltration performance and sheds some light on the transport mechanism within 2D laminar channels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Fabrication of Graphene-Based Nanofiltration Membrane from Fractionated Bamboo Lignin for Dye Removal and Desalination

Ahmad Farid,

Sabidi,

Ruozhu

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Eng. Mater.

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“…These differences in size and thickness between GOs and graphite arise from the inherent variations in their structures, interlayer spacing, and levels of disorder, ultimately impacting their appearance under SEM analysis. For a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism underpinning the proposed process, one may refer to our previously published review article in Farid et al 1 3.2.3. Thermal Reduction−Exfoliation.…”

Section: Morphological and Elemental Composition Transformation 321 G...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among its derivatives, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) have captivated attention for their facile synthesis, tunable functionalities, and multifarious applications spanning flexible electronics, energy storage devices, sensors, and catalytic supports. 1 Nevertheless, the challenge of attaining graphene while mitigating adverse environmental impacts remains formidable, coupled with significant cost considerations. This underscores the need for environmentally advantageous substitutes in the large-scale production of carbon nanomaterials and herein lies the core of our study's motivation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intricate processes associated with the conversion of lignin into graphene derivatives, particularly GO and rGO, have garnered limited attention in recent years. 1 Significant knowledge gaps persist because these processes involve dynamic structural changes in lignin during the extraction that directly influence the characteristics of the resulting graphene materials, prompting our research to address this shortfall. The adoption of the organosolv lignin extraction technique stands out in this scenario, since it not only streamlines lignin isolation but also primes it as a versatile precursor for graphene derivatives, preserving the structural integrity of the extracted lignin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural Metamorphosis of Graphitic Derivatives Produced from Fractionated Bamboo Lignin

Ahmad Farid,

Lease,

Zheng

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Resour. Manage.

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The demand for sustainable and renewable materials has prompted extensive research on lignocellulosic biomass as a potential feedstock for advanced nanomaterials. This article describes the sequential processes of iron-catalyzed graphitization, improved Hummer's method, and low-temperature thermal annealing designed to transform ethanosolv lignin into bio-based graphene products. The lignin undergoes a metamorphosis during graphitization, transforming into turbostratic crystallite with a unique flake-like configuration at high temperatures in a tightly sealed muffle furnace. Following oxidation, the structure of the resultant graphite undergoes dynamic changes, leading to exfoliation-induced distancing of the sheets of graphene layers. Notwithstanding the reduction process, the geometrical morphology of its oxidized state remains unaltered, preserving the lamellar configuration. Notably, the resulting graphitized lignin showcases a substantial carbon content exceeding 75 wt % and a relatively low oxygen content below 16 wt %. In contrast, graphene oxides (GOs) exhibit elevated oxygen levels resulting from the introduction of oxygen moieties during the oxidation step, which subsequently diminishes following thermal annealing. Diffraction patterns confirm the presence of ( 001), (002), and (100) planes in all graphene-based materials, indicating an aromatic ring orientation. Oxidation affects interlayer spacing with GOs exhibiting larger distances than graphitized lignin and reduced graphene oxides (rGOs). Graphitization increases the sp 2 carbon composition by removing volatiles and mineral matter. Oxidation increases the sp 3 carbon composition, but it decreases after thermal annealing due to the partial removal of oxygen species, leading to a reorientation of the sp 2 carbon configuration.

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“…For example, the combustion method, entailing hydrocarbon burning under oxygen‐limited conditions, constitutes the primary technique employed for carbon black production 3,6 . Graphene and CNTs are primarily synthesized via “bottom‐up” or “top‐down” approaches including reduction‐oxidation processes and chemical vapor deposition 1,7,8 . Nevertheless, the employment of these methodologies invariably culminates in the considerable liberation of carbon dioxide emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in melt pyrolysis: Fabrication and applications of high‐value carbon materials from abundant sources

Zhang,

Huang,

Yang

et al. 2023

SusMat

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The escalating demand for sophisticated carbon products, including carbon black, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene, has yet to be adequately addressed by conventional techniques with respect to large‐scale, efficient, and controllable carbon material synthesis. Molten pyrolysis emerges as a propitious strategy for generating such high‐value carbon materials. Abundant carbon sources encompassing methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), biomass, and plastics can undergo thermal decomposition into carbon constituents within molten metal or salt media. This methodology not only obviates dependence on traditional fossil fuels but additionally enables modulation of carbon material morphologies by varying the molten media, thereby presenting substantial potential for effective and controlled carbon material fabrication. In this review, we examine the capacity of molten pyrolysis in producing high‐value carbon materials derived from CH4, CO2, biomass, and plastics. Concurrently, we present a detailed overview of the potential applications of this novel methodology, particularly emphasizing its relevance in the fields of supercapacitors, flexible materials, and electrochemical cells. Furthermore, we contemplate future trajectories for molten pyrolysis, accentuating that amalgamation with auxiliary processes or technologies—like renewable energy systems and carbon capture and storage—represents a remarkably promising route for continued investigation.

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A route towards graphene from lignocellulosic biomass: Technicality, challenges, and their prospective applications

Cited by 28 publications

References 152 publications

Fabrication of Graphene-Based Nanofiltration Membrane from Fractionated Bamboo Lignin for Dye Removal and Desalination

Fabrication of Graphene-Based Nanofiltration Membrane from Fractionated Bamboo Lignin for Dye Removal and Desalination

Structural Metamorphosis of Graphitic Derivatives Produced from Fractionated Bamboo Lignin

Recent progress in melt pyrolysis: Fabrication and applications of high‐value carbon materials from abundant sources

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