A rough hard-sphere model for the thermal conductivity of molten salts

DiGuilio, Ralph M.; Teja, Amyn S.

doi:10.1007/bf00503912

Cited by 46 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…, McDonald and H. Ted Davis[145], Omotani et al[146], Tufeu et al[147] and Zavoico[113]. According to DiGuilio and Teja[133], temperature dependence must show negative slope. This feature is only followed byOmotani et al and Tufeu et al expressions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Molten salts database for energy applications

Serrano-López

Fradera

Cuesta‐López

2013

Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification

288

144

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The growing interest in energy applications of molten salts is justified by several of their properties. Their possibilities of usage as a coolant, heat transfer fluid or heat storage substrate, require thermo-hydrodynamic refined calculations. Many researchers are using simulation techniques, such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for their projects or conceptual designs. The aim of this work is providing a review of basic properties (density, viscosity, thermal conductivity and heat capacity) of the most common and referred salt mixtures. After checking data, tabulated and graphical outputs are given in order to offer the most suitable available values to be used as input parameters for other calculations or simulations. The reviewed values show a general scattering in characterization, mainly in thermal properties. This disagreement suggests that, in several cases, new studies must be started (and even new measurement techniques should be developed) to obtain accurate values.Comment: 29 page, 21 figures, Accepted for publication in: Chemical Engineering \& Processing: Process Intensificatio

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confidence: 99%

Molten salts database for energy applications

Serrano-López

Fradera

Cuesta‐López

2013

Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification

288

144

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“…For the third criteria, a study by Diguilio and Teja provided a predictive method of determining the thermal conductivity of any given salt composition, which was successfully validated in their study on a salt mixture of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate. This method was used to determine the thermal conductivity of the salts chosen from criteria 1 and 2, and is outlined by the following equation

λ_{eutectic} = \sum_{i}^{n} x_{i} λ_{i}

where n is the number of components and x i is the mole fraction of the i th component.…”

Section: Preliminary Selection Process Based On Theoretical/publishedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using Equation for determining the thermal conductivity for various salt mixtures was straightforward, as there is a large resource of published values for the thermal conductivity of the individual pure salts. In the cases where there were no published results, there were also many methods of theoretically determining the thermal conductivity of a single salt as presented in Sections and of the Diguilo and Teja study . The primary predictive method they suggested for single salts is based on a rough hard‐sphere model.…”

Section: Preliminary Selection Process Based On Theoretical/publishedmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Temperature Phase Change Material (PCM) Selection for Concentrating Solar Power Tower Applications

Ong

Graham

Will

et al. 2018

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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reflect and concentrate sunlight onto a central receiver system that is situated at the top of a tower. This system is able to achieve higher operating temperatures at the receiver and much larger solar concentration ratios compared to parabolic trough systems, [2] resulting in higher thermodynamic efficiencies. [3] Several CSP tower plants are currently in successful operation, however they suffer from the same drawbacks as many renewable energy technologies in that their energy generation is intermittent. This is a major hindrance if renewable energy technologies are to compete with coal-fired power plants in providing baseload power to the grid. A solution to this for CSP plants is the use of thermal energy storage (TES) systems, in order to store thermal energy captured from sunlight for future use (during overcast weather conditions, or at night). [4] There are three types of TES systems. The first uses sensible heat (sensible heat thermal energy storage, SHTES), where a substance with a high heat capacity stores the thermal energy for future use. Typically, current operating plants (both parabolic and tower configurations) store thermal energy with molten solar salt-a combination of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate. Energy is stored in or extracted from the solar salt by raising or lowering its temperature in response to the energy demand. These solar salts are limited by their maximum operating temperature of 585 °C and their energy storage capacity is determined by the heat capacity of the material. [5] The second TES system, latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES), uses phase change materials (PCMs) that extract and store energy in the form of latent heat as the material transitions through a phase change (e.g., from solid to liquid). The energy of transformation is large, and therefore the storage material is able to charge and discharge significantly larger amounts of energy than sensible heat systems. This in turn improves the efficiency of the storage system, and occupies a smaller volume. Many PCMs can operate at much higher temperatures than sensible heat materials, which is a desirable property since the latest generation of CSP towers is capable of reaching temperatures in excess of 550 °C. [6,7] Additionally, the heat transfer process of extracting energy from PCMs is a relatively isothermal process, which translates to better temperature control and management of the entire heat transfer system that leads to higher efficiencies. [3,8] With current concerns about the environmental impact of greenhouse gas emissions, reducing our reliance on fossil fuels has become an ever-growing necessity. A thermal energy storage system that utilizes phase change materials (PCMs) in the form of molten salts, coupled with a concentrating solar power tower plant, is proposed as an effective means of achieving highly efficient and cost competitive power generation on par with traditional fossil fuel-based power. In this study, a set of five selection criteria are applied to a wide range of salt mixtures to...

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“…Some models [6] developed in early time are not easy to use since new parameters appear and must be experimentally determined. Hard sphere model [7,8] can predict the thermal conductivity of the most substances in the chloride family from experimentallycorrelated data of sodium chloride, but seems unavailable for molten salts in the nitrate family since the trend of characteristic k ⁄ vs molar volume does not coincide with that of a smooth monatomic reference liquid, which is a premise in establishing the model. The corresponding-state principle [5] can be applied for correlating the thermal conductivity of molten alkali halides with claimed accuracy of 15$20% and predicts the negative temperaturedependence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The corresponding-state principle [5] can be applied for correlating the thermal conductivity of molten alkali halides with claimed accuracy of 15$20% and predicts the negative temperaturedependence. In the case of molten salt mixture, the linear mixing rule, in which the thermal conductivity of a mixture is obtained by the mole proportional mean of component salts, is generally applied [4,7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%