A role of ghrelin in canine mammary carcinoma cells proliferation, apoptosis and migration

Majchrzak, Kinga; Pawłowski, Karol; Orzechowska, Emilia J.; Dolka, I.; Mucha, Joanna; Motyl, T.; Król, Magdalena

doi:10.1186/1746-6148-8-170

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…associated with the development and/or progression of a number of pathological conditions. Particularly, AG can increase cell proliferation in several healthy and cancer tissues, as well as regulate invasiveness, migration, metastasis, and apoptosis in various cell types (Jeffery et al 2002, Pettersson et al 2002, Duxbury et al 2003, De Vriese et al 2005, Maccarinelli et al 2005, Marjchrzak et al 2012). …”

Section: Cardiovascular Actionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin gene products, receptors, and GOAT enzyme: biological and pathophysiological insight

Gahete

Rincón-Fernández

Villa-Osaba

et al. 2013

Journal of Endocrinology

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Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid acylated hormone, highly expressed in the stomach, which binds to its cognate receptor (GHSR1a) to regulate a plethora of relevant biological processes, including food intake, energy balance, hormonal secretions, learning, inflammation, etc. However, ghrelin is, in fact, the most notorious component of a complex, intricate regulatory system comprised of a growing number of alternative peptides (e.g. obestatin, unacylated ghrelin, and In1-ghrelin, etc.), known (GHSRs) and, necessarily unknown receptors, as well as modifying enzymes (e.g. ghrelin-O-acyl-transferase), which interact among them as well as with other regulatory systems in order to tightly modulate key (patho)-physiological processes. This multiplicity of functions and versatility of the ghrelin system arise from a dual, genetic and functional, complexity. Importantly, a growing body of evidence suggests that dysregulation in some of the components of the ghrelin system can lead to or influence the development and/or progression of highly concerning pathologies such as endocrine-related tumors, inflammatory/cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration, wherein these altered components could be used as diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic targets. In this context, the aim of this review is to integrate and comprehensively analyze the multiple components and functions of the ghrelin system described to date in order to define and understand its biological and (patho)-physiological significance.

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Section: Cardiovascular Actionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin gene products, receptors, and GOAT enzyme: biological and pathophysiological insight

Gahete

Rincón-Fernández

Villa-Osaba

et al. 2013

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Ghrelin signaling has increasingly been recognized as a key regulator of obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes; intriguingly, many of these regulatory functions appear to be independent of ghrelin's effect on food intake (4–8). This current review is focused on the most recent findings of ghrelin in glucose homeostasis (9–11), energy-homeostasis (7, 12), heart disease (13–16), muscular atrophy (17, 18), bone metabolism (8, 19, 20), and cancer development/progression (21, 22). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ghrelin and GHS-R have been detected in many endocrine and non-endocrine tumors (21, 22), suggesting that the ghrelin/GHS-R axis might be associated with tumor growth and progression. In pituitary tumors, ghrelin mRNA is detected in non-functional adenomas, GH- and gonadotropin-producing adenomas and prolactinomas, with highest GHS-R expression detected in the GH-producing adenomas (51).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study in canine mammary carcinoma shows high levels of ghrelin and GHS-R in metastatic tumors (22). Low doses of ghrelin stimulate cellular proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, and promote motility and invasion by canine mammary cancer cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low doses of ghrelin stimulate cellular proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, and promote motility and invasion by canine mammary cancer cells. Significantly, blockade of ghrelin's receptor, GHS-R, enhances early apoptosis (22). These studies are intriguing, which foster the hypothesis that ghrelin may promote cancer growth and metastasis, and GHS-R antagonist has anti-cancer properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ghrelin

Pradhan¹,

Samson²,

Sun³

2013

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care

236

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Purpose of review Ghrelin is a multifaceted gut hormone which activates its receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). Ghrelin's hallmark functions are its stimulatory effects on food intake, fat deposition and growth hormone release. Ghrelin is famously known as the “hunger hormone”. However, ample literature indicates that the functions of ghrelin go well beyond its role as an orexigenic signal. Here we have reviewed some of the most recent findings on ghrelin and its signaling in animals and humans. Recent findings Ghrelin regulates glucose hemostasis by inhibiting insulin secretion and regulating gluconeogenesis/glycogenolysis. Ghrelin signaling decreases thermogenesis to regulate energy expenditure. Ghrelin improves the survival prognosis of myocardial infarction by reducing sympathetic nerve activity. Ghrelin prevents muscle atrophy by inducing muscle differentiation and fusion. Ghrelin regulates bone formation and metabolism by modulating proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Ghrelin is also involved in cancer development and metastasis; ghrelin and GHS-R mRNA are highly expressed in metastatic forms of cancers. Summary In addition to ghrelin's effects on appetite and adiposity, ghrelin signaling also plays crucial roles in glucose- and energy-homeostasis, cardioprotection, muscle atrophy, bone metabolism and cancer. These multifaceted roles of ghrelin make ghrelin and GHS-R highly attractive targets for drug development.

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The role of ghrelin on apoptosis, cell proliferation and oxidant‐antioxidant system in the liver of neonatal diabetic rats

Koyutürk

Saçan

Karabulut

et al. 2015

Cell Biology International

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Ghrelin is a multifunctional peptide hormone which stimulates appetite and regulates glucose metabolism and adipogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether ghrelin has protective effects in the liver of streptozocin (STZ) diabetic rats or not. Wistar-type neonatal rats were divided into four groups: I. Controls, II. Ghrelin administrated controls, III. STZ-diabetic rats, and IV. Ghrelin administrated diabetic rats. On the second day after birth, 100 mg/kg STZ was administered intraperitoneally in a single dose to induce diabetes in rats. 100 µg/kg/day ghrelin was administrated to rats subcutaneously for 4 weeks. Ghrelin administration improved histopathologic changes in STZ-diabetic liver. Obestatin immunoreactivity has been shown in livers of neonatal rats. The immunoreactivity of obestatin increased in diabetic rats and a decline was observed in ghrelin administrated diabetic rats. Caspase 8 and 3 immunoreactivities increased in diabetic rats; however, ghrelin administration differently affected caspases 8 and 3 immunoreactivities. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunoreactivities decreased in diabetic rats and in ghrelin administrated diabetic rats. Serum alanine (P < 0.05) and aspartate transaminase (P < 0.0001) and serum alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.0001) activities were decreased in ghrelin administrated diabetic rats compared to the diabetic rats. Gamma glutamyl transferase activity (P < 0.001) decreased in ghrelin administrated diabetic rats compared to the diabetic rats. The response of antioxidants including glutathione levels, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were altered in ghrelin administrated diabetic rats. Our findings indicate that ghrelin administration affects hepatic functions in neonatal diabetic rats and might be considered as a therapeutic agent.

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A role of ghrelin in canine mammary carcinoma cells proliferation, apoptosis and migration

Cited by 13 publications

References 42 publications

Ghrelin gene products, receptors, and GOAT enzyme: biological and pathophysiological insight

Ghrelin gene products, receptors, and GOAT enzyme: biological and pathophysiological insight

Ghrelin

The role of ghrelin on apoptosis, cell proliferation and oxidant‐antioxidant system in the liver of neonatal diabetic rats

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