ABSTRACT-Activation of voltage-dependent Ca 21 channels by high K+ (40 mM) increased the cytosolic Ca2+ level ([Ca 2+]i) (estimated by fura-PE3 fluorescence ratio) and force in myometrium isolated from pregnant (21 days after gestation) and non-pregnant (estrus) rats. 12-Deoxyphorbol 13-isobutyrate (DPB, 1 mM) decreased the high K+-stimulated [Ca 2+]i and force in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect was stronger in the pregnant myometrium than in the non-pregnant myometrium. In the pregnant myometrium, the increase in Ca 21 permeability by ionomycin (1 uM) greatly increased [Ca 2+]i and force, which were only partially inhibited by verapamil (10 pM). DPB (1 pM) inhibited the verapamilinsensitive component of the increases in [Ca 2+]i and muscle tension. Oxytocin (100 nM) and thapsigargin (1 pM) also induced a verapamil-insensitive increase in [Ca 2+]i and force, and DPB (1 pM) inhibited these increments. Ca2+ sensitivity of contractile elements, estimated from the relationships between Ca 2+ and muscle force in intact and a-toxin permeabilized muscle, was not significantly changed by DPB (1 pM). In summary, DPB inhibits the increase in [Ca 21]i more strongly in myometrium isolated from pregnant rats than that from non-pregnant rats without any change in the [Ca 2+]i/tension relationship. Since DPB decreased [Ca 2+]i-rise induced by three different mechanisms, DPB may activate Ca 2+ extrusion, rather than to inhibit a specific influx pathway, to decrease [Ca 2+]i.Keywords: Uterine smooth muscle, Phorbol ester, Relaxation, Cytosolic Ca2+ level, Pregnancy It is well-known that uterotonic agonists, such as oxytocin, carbachol and prostaglandins, increase intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca 2+]i) and contraction (1-3). These receptor agonists stimulate phosphoinositide turnover in the uterine smooth muscle (4, 5). In various types of smooth muscle, inositol 1,4,5,-trisphosphate, one of the phosphoinositide hydrolysis products, releases Ca 2+ from the intracellular Ca2+ store and induces transient contraction (6). Another phosphoinositide product, diacylglycerol, stimulates protein kinase C that phosphorylates various proteins involved in cellular function (7). It has been reported that protein kinase C activation with phorbol ester inhibits smooth muscle contraction by inhibiting Ca 2+ channel activity or inositol phosphate production (8, 9), while it induces contraction by activation of contractile proteins (10-12). In cultured cells from rat portal vein, phorbol esters increase Ca 2-7 channel activity (13). In myometrium, it has been reported that phorbol ester induces stimulatory and inhibitory effects on contraction (14-16). However, few attempts have been made to compare the role of protein kinase C before and after pregnancy. In the present studies, we compared the effect of protein kinase C activation by phorbol esters on [Ca 2+]i and muscle contraction in isolated uterine smooth muscle from non-pregnant and pregnant rats. Female Wistar rats (200-250 g; Shiraishi Laboratory Animals, Tokyo...