A role for medial preoptic nucleus on afternoon of proestrus in female rats

Terasawa, Ei; Wiegand, Stanley J.; Bridson, William E.

doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1980.238.6.e533

Cited by 54 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…(100,101) Thirdly, lesions in the AVPV prevented the LH surge, while oestrogen administration to the AVPV caused it. (96,(102)(103)(104)(105) Lastly, blockage of ERα prevented the LH surge in animals. (44,45,93,94) …”

Section: Positive Feedback Regulationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Kisspeptin signalling and its roles in humans

Tng

2015

smedj

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Kisspeptins are a group of peptide fragments encoded by the KISS1 gene in humans. They bind to kisspeptin receptors with equal efficacy. Kisspeptins and their receptors are expressed by neurons in the arcuate and anteroventral periventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. Oestrogen mediates negative feedback of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone secretion via the arcuate nucleus. Conversely, it exerts positive feedback via the anteroventral periventricular nucleus. The sexual dimorphism of these nuclei accounts for the differential behaviour of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis between genders. Kisspeptins are essential for reproductive function. Puberty is regulated by the maturation of kisspeptin neurons and by interactions between kisspeptins and leptin. Hence, kisspeptins have potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Kisspeptin agonists may be used to localise lesions in cases of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis dysfunction and evaluate the gonadotrophic potential of subfertile individuals. Kisspeptin antagonists may be useful as contraceptives in women, through the prevention of premature luteinisation during in vitro fertilisation, and in the treatment of sex steroid-dependent diseases and metastatic cancers.

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Section: Positive Feedback Regulationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Kisspeptin signalling and its roles in humans

Tng

2015

smedj

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“…Further, direct projections from the SCN lie in close apposition to GnRH neurons [11,12,13]. The body of work in this field cumulatively implies that the SCN influences reproductive cycles by acting directly on the GnRH neurons or indirectly through innervations of the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) [14,15,16,17,18,19]. Disclosure of SCN-dependent mechanisms that impart this timing information to the GnRH neurons is fundamental to the understanding of mammalian reproduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo Circadian Rhythms in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons

Hickok

Tischkau

2009

Neuroendocrinology

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Although it is generally accepted that the circadian clock provides a timing signal for the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, mechanistic explanations of this phenomenon remain underexplored. It is known, for example, that circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (clock) mutant mice have severely dampened LH surges, but whether this phenotype derives from a loss of circadian rhythmicity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) or altered circadian function in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons has not been resolved. GnRH neurons can be stimulated to cycle with a circadian period in vitro and disruption of that cycle disturbs secretion of the GnRH decapeptide. We show that both period-2 (PER2) and brain muscle Arnt-like-1 (BMAL1) proteins cycle with a circadian period in the GnRH population in vivo. PER2 and BMAL1 expression both oscillate with a 24-hour period, with PER2 peaking during the night and BMAL1 peaking during the day. The population, however, is not as homogeneous as other oscillatory tissues with only about 50% of the population sharing peak expression levels of BMAL1 at zeitgeber time 4 (ZT4) and PER2 at ZT16. Further, a light pulse that induced a phase delay in the activity rhythm of the GnRH-eGFP mice caused a similar delay in peak expression levels of BMAL1 and PER2. These studies provide direct evidence for a functional circadian clock in native GnRH neurons with a phase that closely follows that of the SCN.

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“…Moreover, most dimorphic nuclei described in rodent species are larger in males with the exception of anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), which is larger in females [70]. Notably the difference in AVPV between the sexes is revealed in the density of cells as well as in their chemical characteristics: females have many more dopaminergic [74] and about ten times more kisspeptinexpressing neurons [71,75], which project to and stimulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons triggering the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge [76,77]. Thus, the higher number of kisspeptin neurons in the female AVPV may have direct physiological consequences and explain the sex difference in the induction of LH surges, as males do not show this neuroendocrine response.…”

Section: Same Histone Modifications Results In Sexually Dimorphic Braimentioning

confidence: 99%

Histone modifications proposed to regulate sexual differentiation of brain and behavior

2010

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Expression of sexually dimorphic behaviors critical for reproduction depends on the organizational actions of steroid hormones on the developing brain. We offer the new hypothesis that transcriptional activities in brain regions executing these sexually dimorphic behaviors are modulated by estrogeninduced modifications of histone proteins. Specifically, in preoptic nerve cells responsible for facilitating male sexual behavior in rodents, gene expression is fostered by increased histone acetylation and reduced methylation (Me), and, that the opposite set of histone modifications will be found in females. Conversely, in ventromedial hypothalamic neurons that are responsible for coordinating female sexual behavior, transcriptional activities in genetic females are fostered by increased histone acetylation and reduced Me, and, further, that the opposite set of histone modifications will be found in males. Thus, these epigenetic events will guarantee that effects of sex hormone exposure during the neonatal critical period will be translated into lasting sex differences in adult reproductive behaviors.

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A role for medial preoptic nucleus on afternoon of proestrus in female rats

Cited by 54 publications

References 24 publications

Kisspeptin signalling and its roles in humans

Kisspeptin signalling and its roles in humans

In vivo Circadian Rhythms in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons

Histone modifications proposed to regulate sexual differentiation of brain and behavior

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