A Role for Galanin-Like Peptide in the Integration of Feeding, Body Weight Regulation, and Reproduction in the Mouse

Krasnow, Stephanie M.; Fraley, Gregory S.; Schuh, Sonya M.; Baumgartner, James W.; Clifton, Donald K.; Steiner, Robert A.

doi:10.1210/en.2002-220982

Cited by 125 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…GALP expression, as one would expect by its leptin/insulin control, is profoundly reduced by implementation of CR regimes. It is also of interest to note that the deleterious effects of diabetic states upon reproductive function can be partially restored with administration of the GALP peptide (Krasnow et al, 2003;Matsumoto et al, 2001). …”

Section: Galanin-like Peptide (Galp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Caloric restriction: Impact upon pituitary function and reproduction

Martin

Golden

Carlson

et al. 2008

Ageing Research Reviews

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Reduced energy intake, or caloric restriction (CR), is known to extend life span and to retard agerelated health decline in a number of different species, including worms, flies, fish, mice and rats. CR has been shown to reduce oxidative stress, improve insulin sensitivity, and alter neuroendocrine responses and central nervous system (CNS) function in animals. CR has particularly profound and complex actions upon reproductive health. At the reductionist level the most crucial physiological function of any organism is its capacity to reproduce. For a successful species to thrive, the balance between available energy (food) and the energy expenditure required for reproduction must be tightly linked. An ability to coordinate energy balance and fecundity involves complex interactions of hormones from both the periphery and the CNS and primarily centers upon the master endocrine gland, the anterior pituitary. In this review article we review the effects of CR on pituitary gonadotrope function and on the male and female reproductive axes. A better understanding of how dietary energy intake affects reproductive axis function and endocrine pulsatility could provide novel strategies for the prevention and management of reproductive dysfunction and its associated comorbidities.

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Section: Galanin-like Peptide (Galp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Caloric restriction: Impact upon pituitary function and reproduction

Martin

Golden

Carlson

et al. 2008

Ageing Research Reviews

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“…The dose of GALP was chosen because it has been previously shown to stimulate LH secretion and to induce Fos expression within the mPOA in male rats (Fraley et al, 2003b;Krasnow et al, 2003); galanin was given in an equimolar dose for comparison. Injections were performed so that each rat received all of the treatments.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GALP is expressed in the brain, primarily in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC), where it is regulated by various metabolic signals, including leptin, insulin, and metabolic fuels (Fraley et al, 2003a(Fraley et al, , 2004Juréus et al, 2000Juréus et al, , 2001Kumano et al, 2003). Centrally administered GALP has marked effects on feeding and body weight in the rat and mouse (Gundlach, 2002;Krasnow et al, 2003;Lawrence et al, 2002;Matsumoto et al, 2002;Seth et al, 2002Seth et al, , 2003a, and it activates the sympathetic nervous system in the mouse (Hansen et al, 2003). In addition, GALP has a direct stimulatory action on gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) mediated luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion (Cunningham et al, 2002a,b;Gundlach, 2002;Krasnow et al, 2003;Matsumoto et al, 2001;Shen et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Centrally administered GALP has marked effects on feeding and body weight in the rat and mouse (Gundlach, 2002;Krasnow et al, 2003;Lawrence et al, 2002;Matsumoto et al, 2002;Seth et al, 2002Seth et al, , 2003a, and it activates the sympathetic nervous system in the mouse (Hansen et al, 2003). In addition, GALP has a direct stimulatory action on gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) mediated luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion (Cunningham et al, 2002a,b;Gundlach, 2002;Krasnow et al, 2003;Matsumoto et al, 2001;Shen et al, 2002). Taken together, these observations suggest that GALP neurons play a role in relaying humoral signals that reflect the status of metabolic reserves to the hypothalamicpituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stimulation of sexual behavior in the male rat by galanin-like peptide

Fraley

Thomas-Smith

Acohido

et al. 2004

Hormones and Behavior

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Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a recently described neuropeptide, which shares a partial sequence identity with galanin but is derived from a separate gene. Central injections of GALP stimulate the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) and induce the expression of Fos in several brain areas known to regulate male sexual behavior in the rat. We postulated that GALP may also stimulate sexual behavior in concert with its stimulatory effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. To test this hypothesis, we administered GALP, galanin, or the vehicle (artificial cerebrospinal fluid, aCSF) alone to sexually experienced male rats and assessed the effects of these agents on sexual behavior. We observed that compared to aCSF alone, GALP significantly increased all aspects of male-typical sexual behavior, whereas galanin inhibited all of these same behaviors. To examine whether the stimulatory effects of GALP on sexual behavior were mediated by GALP's stimulatory effects on the HPG axis, we castrated the same male rats and repeated the behavioral experiment. We found that GALP maintained its inductive action on male-typical sexual behaviors in the castrated animals, suggesting that the effects of GALP on sexual behavior are not the result of GALP's ability to stimulate testosterone secretion. These observations suggest that GALP neurons are part of the hypothalamic circuitry controlling sexual behavior in the male rat. D

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“…This observation has been confirmed by several laboratories using GALP from different sources [48 -50]. However, studies by Lawrence et al [48] and Krasnow et al [50] also document that GALP inhibits feeding and reduces body weight in rats 24 h after central injection. Together, these observations demonstrate that in the rat, centrally administered GALP exerts a biphasic effect on feeding, initially stimulating and later inhibiting this behavior.…”

Section: Expression Of Galp In the Posterior Pituitarymentioning

confidence: 55%

Galanin-like peptide as a link in the integration of metabolism and reproduction

Gottsch

Clifton

Steiner

2004

Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism

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The arcuate nucleus is a hypothalamic center that couples energetics and reproduction. Peptide-releasing neurons in the arcuate nucleus receive and process humoral signals from the periphery and relay this information to other nuclei in the hypothalamus and preoptic area. Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is expressed in the arcuate nucleus, and GALP-containing neurons are targets for the action of leptin. GALP-containing neurons are closely apposed to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the preoptic area, and CNS injections of GALP stimulate GnRH-mediated secretion of luteinizing hormone. These observations indicate that GALP is a molecular signal that couples circulating indices of metabolism to the neuroendocrine reproductive system and, thus, regulates reproductive activity as a function of the energy state. In this article, we describe the involvement of GALP in metabolism and reproduction, and in the coupling between these two processes.The brain has a remarkable ability to sense the status of metabolic fuel reserves and defend their adequacy by adjusting appetite and metabolism to maintain an appropriate body weight. Moreover, the brain governs the activity of the reproductive system as a function of these metabolic reserves and enables activation of the hypothalamic -pituitary -gonadal axis only when fuel stores are deemed adequate to support the energetic requirements of reproduction. The arcuate nucleus (Arc) in the hypothalamus is a node for this physiological integration. Recently, a newly identified peptide in the Arc has been shown to modulate both feeding behavior and reproduction, which unveils a new link in the integration of metabolism and reproduction. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of this peptide, known as galanin-like peptide (GALP), in the physiological integration of metabolism and reproduction. The Arc integrates metabolism and reproductionThe Arc comprises the neuronal circuitry required for the neuroendocrine integration of metabolism and reproduction [1]. Two populations of neurons in the Arc play key roles in the regulation of these physiological processes. One population produces neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP), whereas the other produces a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (a-MSH) and b-endorphin from a common precursor, proopiomelanocortin (POMC), and cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART). These two cell groups (NPY/AgRP and POMC/CART) are regulated differentially by metabolic hormones such as leptin and insulin, and act in opposition to control appetite, body weight and metabolic rate [1][2][3][4]. NPY/AgRP and POMC/CART neurons send axonal projections to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), lateral hypothalamus, and areas in the midbrain and hindbrain to regulate the circuitry that controls complex behaviors, such as feeding, and adjust the metabolic rate to maintain body weight homeostasis [3,[5][6][7]. Disruption of these networks leads to the dysregulation of body weight and disturbances in metabolism [8]. The Arc is also a...

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A Role for Galanin-Like Peptide in the Integration of Feeding, Body Weight Regulation, and Reproduction in the Mouse

Cited by 125 publications

References 39 publications

Caloric restriction: Impact upon pituitary function and reproduction

Caloric restriction: Impact upon pituitary function and reproduction

Stimulation of sexual behavior in the male rat by galanin-like peptide

Galanin-like peptide as a link in the integration of metabolism and reproduction

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