A role for CD4+CD25+ T cells in regulation of the immune response during human tuberculosis

Identification of a human CD8+regulatory T cell subset that mediates suppression through the chemokine CC chemokine ligand 4

“…Tregs have been isolated from leprosy patients (12,13), which suppressed CD4 ϩ Th1 cells (12)(13)(14). More recently, IL-10-producing T cells were reported in anergic TB patients (15), and increased frequencies of CD4 ϩ CD25 HI T cells have been found in the circulation of TB patients (16,17). Thus, mycobacterial infections may provide a highly relevant model to dissect immuneregulatory pathways in humans.…”

Immune factors and immunoregulation in tuberculosis

“…It is becoming clear that naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ T reg cells not only influence self-antigen-specific immune responses but also inhibit foreign antigen-specific immunity in infectious diseases (39). However, direct evidence of immunoregulatory properties of T reg cells in human or experimental tuberculosis is scarce (50,51), and most of the discussion on the participation of T reg cells in tuberculosis is derived from indirect evidence.…”

“…Ribeiro-Rodrigues and colleagues (50) reported that frequencies of both total CD4+CD25+ T cells and CD4+ CD25 high (probably representing true regulatory T cells, because the expression of FoxP3 in T reg cells was not analyzed) are increased during active human TB, and that this increase is sustained even upon completion of TB treatment. Nonetheless, this study was not able to show a correlation between clinical profiles and frequencies of T reg cells.…”

“…Very recently, two papers have addressed more directly the role of T reg cells in human TB (50,51). Ribeiro-Rodrigues and colleagues (50) reported that frequencies of both total CD4+CD25+ T cells and CD4+ CD25 high (probably representing true regulatory T cells, because the expression of FoxP3 in T reg cells was not analyzed) are increased during active human TB, and that this increase is sustained even upon completion of TB treatment.…”

Diagnosis of gastrointestinal tuberculosis: Using cytomorphological, microbiological, immunological and molecular techniques — A study from Central India

“…Moreover, differences in cytokine expression in particular, balance between Th1 and Th2 cytokine is likely to determine whether the infection progresses, resolves, or becomes latent (11). Mycobacterial infections were also shown to be associated with depletion in CD 4 + T cells absolute count along with increased levels of circulating IFN-J and TNF-D (21,(25)(26)(27). Studies have also reported that these increased IFN-J and TNF-D levels may serve as a diagnostic marker for TB (28,29).…”