A rodent model of sleep disturbances in posttraumatic stress disorder: The role of context after fear conditioning

Pawlyk, Aaron C.; Jha, Sushil K.; Brennan, Francis X.; Morrison, Adrian R.; Ross, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.008

Cited by 95 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Previous studies using similar experimental paradigms have reported congruent results with regard to sleepwake behavior after stressor exposure Kant et al, 1995;Pawlyk et al, 2005). Numerous recent studies have shown decreased REM sleep episodes after fear conditioning paradigms and inescapable shock exposure Liu et al, 2003;Pawlyk et al, 2005;Tang et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Additionally, after re-exposure to training context, one study observed an increase and decrease in the total percentage of wakefulness and REM sleep, respectively . The reductions in total percentage of REM sleep were primarily due to decreased episode length and number of episodes Pawlyk et al, 2005;Tang et al, 2005). Reductions in NREM sleep present after a second shock training episode and reexposure to context have also been observed (Tang et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Classical fear conditioning, the most common paradigm, utilizes an unconditioned footshock presented with a conditioned stimulus to measure the acquisition, expression and/or extinction of fear Pawlyk et al, 2005;Tang et al, 2005). Neuroimaging techniques, such as fMRI, have afforded researchers the opportunity to examine the similarities between structures involved in the acquisition and expression of fear in humans and rodents (Delgado et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between anxiety and sleep–wake behavior after stressor exposure in the rat

MacLean

Datta

2007

Brain Research

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Disturbed sleep is a common subjective complaint among individuals diagnosed with anxiety disorders. In rodents, sleep is often recorded after exposure to various foot-shock paradigms designed to induce an anxiety state. Although differences in sleep-wake architecture are noted, the relationship to specific level of anxiety is often assumed or absent. Utilizing the elevated plus maze (EPM) after exposure to escapable shock (ES), inescapable shock (IS) or fear conditioning (FC), resulting differences in sleep architecture were compared to an objective measure of anxiety. Male Wistar rats were implanted with EEG, EMG and hippocampal theta electrodes to record sleep-wake behavior. After recovery and recording of baseline sleep, rats were exposed to one of five manipulations: ES, IS, FC, or control (CES or CIS; utilizing either chamber with no shock exposure). Shortly after experimental manipulation, the EPM was employed to quantify traditional and ethological measures of anxiety and polygraphic signs of sleep-wake behavior were recorded continuously for 6h. Although no significance was observed in EPM measurements across groups, profound differences in sleep architecture were present. Individual correlation analysis revealed no differences in anxiety level and total percentage of time spent in sleep-wake states. These results indicate that differences in sleep architecture after foot-shock exposure may not be simply due to increased anxiety. Rather, individual anxiety may be exacerbated by disrupted sleep. To fully understand the relationship between anxiety and sleep-wake behavior, a more objective analysis of anxiety after stressor exposure is mandated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between anxiety and sleep–wake behavior after stressor exposure in the rat

MacLean

Datta

2007

Brain Research

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“…We and others have demonstrated that both the shock-training phase and the presentation of fearful cues and contexts alone can alter subsequent arousal including a significant suppression of rapid eye movement sleep (REM) Jha et al, 2005;Pawlyk et al, 2005). The suppression of REM may be seen for 2 hr or more after presentation of fearful cues, suggesting that conditioned fear can have a relatively prolonged influence on arousal and sleep.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient fear-induced alterations in evoked release of norepinephrine and GABA in amygdala slices

2007

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Presentation of a tonal cue that previously had been associated with a fearful experience (footshock) produces alterations in arousal and sleep that occur after the fearful cue is no longer presented. To begin investigating neurochemical mechanisms that may underlie the effects of fearful cue presentation, we measured release of Depolarization-evoked release of [ 3 H]-NE from amygdalar slices of mice, which were trained to recognize a tone as a fearful cue, was suppressed at 2-3hrs after exposure of animals to the fearful cue, but recovered after 4-5 hrs. Interestingly, depolarization-evoked release of [ 14 C]-GABA was significantly increased in the amygdala, and also showed a tendency for enhancement in the hippocampus, NPO, and DRN at 2-3 hrs after cue presentation. The changes in [ 14 C]-GABA release were also transient; 4-5 hrs after cue presentation no significant differences were detected between samples derived from experimental groups which experienced fearful or neutral cues. The similar time course of fearful cue-induced changes in neurotransmitter release and changes in arousal and REM sleep suggests that alterations in amygdalar neurotransmission may be involved changes in arousal and sleep that occur after fear.

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“…Like a Persian Gulf veteran who may "hit the deck" when he hears a car backfire, rabbits, following CS-US pairings, blink to a mild electrical stimulus as if it were a stronger stimulus. There is evidence that context may play an important role in PTSD (Grillon, Morgan, Davis, & Southwick, 1998;Kaysen, Resick, & Wise, 2003;Pawlyk, Jha, Brennan, Morrison, & Ross, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditioning-specific reflex modification of the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) nictitating membrane response is sensitive to context

Schreurs

Gonzalez-Joekes

Smith-Bell

2006

Learning & Behavior

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A rodent model of sleep disturbances in posttraumatic stress disorder: The role of context after fear conditioning

Cited by 95 publications

References 36 publications

The relationship between anxiety and sleep–wake behavior after stressor exposure in the rat

The relationship between anxiety and sleep–wake behavior after stressor exposure in the rat

Transient fear-induced alterations in evoked release of norepinephrine and GABA in amygdala slices

Conditioning-specific reflex modification of the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) nictitating membrane response is sensitive to context

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