A Robust Transcortical Profile Scanner for Generating 2-D Traverses in Histological Sections of Richly Curved Cortical Courses

Schmitt, Oliver; Böhme, Martin

doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1159

Cited by 24 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…Curvilinear traverses, running perpendicular to the cortical layers from the outer to the inner contour (Fig. 2D), were automatically calculated based on the Laplace equation (Annese et al, 2004;Jones et al, 2000;Schleicher et al, 2005;Schmitt and Bohme, 2002). Along these traverses, profiles describing the changes in the laminar cell density pattern (Schleicher et al, 2000(Schleicher et al, , 2005 were extracted from the GLI images.…”

Section: Cytoarchitectonic Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventral visual cortex in humans: Cytoarchitectonic mapping of two extrastriate areas

Rottschy

Eickhoff

Schleicher

et al. 2007

Human Brain Mapping

165

166

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The extrastriate visual cortex forms a complex system enabling the analysis of visually presented objects. To gain deeper insight into the anatomical basis of this system, we cytoarchitectonically mapped the ventral occipital cortex lateral to BA 18/V2 in 10 human postmortem brains. The anatomical characterization of this part of the ventral stream was performed by examination of cell-body-stained histological sections using quantitative cytoarchitectonic analysis. First, the gray level index (GLI) was measured in the ventral occipital lobe. Cytoarchitectonic borders, i.e., significant changes in the cortical lamination pattern, were then identified using an observer-independent algorithm based on multivariate analysis of GLI profiles. Two distinct cytoarchitectonic areas (hOC3v, hOC4v) were characterized in the ventral extrastriate cortex lateral to BA 18/V2. Area hOC3v was found in the collateral sulcus. hOC4v was located in this sulcus and also covered the fusiform gyrus in more occipital sections. Topographically, these areas thus seem to represent the anatomical substrates of functionally defined areas, VP/V3v and V4/V4v. Following histological analysis, the delineated cytoarchitectonic areas were transferred to 3D reconstructions of the respective postmortem brains, which in turn were spatially normalized to the Montreal Neurological Institute reference space. A probabilistic map was generated for each area which describes how many brains had a representation of this area in a particular voxel. These maps can now be used to identify the anatomical correlates of functional activations observed in neuroimaging experiments to enable a more informed investigation into the many open questions regarding the organization of the human visual cortex.

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Section: Cytoarchitectonic Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventral visual cortex in humans: Cytoarchitectonic mapping of two extrastriate areas

Rottschy

Eickhoff

Schleicher

et al. 2007

Human Brain Mapping

165

166

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, after analyzing an original image tile of the image mosaic each parameter was written to its corresponding location in the parameter map. In these maps the cerebral cortex was outlined by an outer and an inner contour line as described by Schmitt and Böhme (2002). Then, perpendicular to the cortical surface traverses were calculated applying an electrodynamic model (Schmitt and Böhme, 2002) and the parameters under the traverse were read out and written into a profile array.…”

Section: Traversing and Analyzing The Parameter Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these maps the cerebral cortex was outlined by an outer and an inner contour line as described by Schmitt and Böhme (2002). Then, perpendicular to the cortical surface traverses were calculated applying an electrodynamic model (Schmitt and Böhme, 2002) and the parameters under the traverse were read out and written into a profile array. That means that each cortex segment within the parameter maps can be scanned by this method.…”

Section: Traversing and Analyzing The Parameter Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of nerve fibers and their distribution in histologic sections of the human brain

Schmitt

Pakura

Aach

et al. 2004

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The field of quantitative analysis and subsequent mapping of the cerebral cortex has developed rapidly. New powerful tools have been applied to investigate large regions of complex folded gyrencephalic cortices in order to detect structural transition regions that might partition different cortical fields of disjunct neuronal functions. We have developed a new mapping approach based on axoarchitectonics, a method of cortical visualization that previously has been used only indirectly with regard to myeloarchitectonics. Myeloarchitectonic visualization has the disadvantage of producing strong agglomerative effects of closely neighbored nerve fibers. Therefore, single and neurofunctional-relevant parameters such as axonal branchings, axon areas, and axon numbers have not been determinable with satisfying precision. As a result, different staining techniques had to be explored in order to achieve a suitable histologic staining for axon visualization. The best results were obtained after modifying the Naoumenko-Feigin staining for axons. From these contrast-rich stained histologic sections, videomicroscopic digital image tiles were generated and analyzed using a new fiber analysis framework. Finally, the analysis of histologic images provided topologic ordered parameters of axons that were transferred into parameter maps. The axon parameter maps were analyzed further via a recently developed traverse generating algorithm that calculated test lines oriented perpendicular to the cortical surface and white matter border. The gray value coded parameters of the parameter maps were then transferred into profile arrays. These profile arrays were statistically analyzed by a reliable excess mass approach we recently developed. We found that specific axonal parameters are preferentially distributed throughout granular and agranular types of cortex. Furthermore, our new procedure detected transition regions originally defined by changes of cytoarchitectonic layering. Statistically significant inhomogeneities of the distribution of certain axon quantities were shown to indicate a subparcellation of areas 4 and 6. The quantification techniques established here for the analysis of spatial axon distributions within larger regions of the cerebral cortex are suitable to detect inhomogeneities of laminar axon patterns. Hence, these techniques can be recommended for systematic and observer-supported cortical area mapping and parcellation studies.

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“…wiley.com. ] derived from the neuronal scale represent microscopic details and individual cell features rather than those coarse features of cell profiles that are sufficient for recent cytoarchitectonic studies (Amunts et al, 1999ab, 2000Geyer et al, 2001;Schmitt and Böhme, 2002;Schmitt et al, 2003). Therefore, we have to find a suitable transformation of the lower resolved and averaged Human Brain Atlas to the high-resolution object database and vice versa.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…c: The mean profile of this cerebral ROI is presented. The main layers I to VI can still be detected in the profile plot (Schmitt and Böhme, 2002;Schleicher et al, 2000) of gravity center distribution datasets. Layers with high cell densities are connected by arrows in between the panels.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Videomicroscopy, image processing, and analysis of whole histologic sections of the human brain

Schmitt¹,

Eggers²,

Modersitzki³

2005

Microsc. Res. Tech.

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Serial histologic sections of a whole human brain may have extensions of up to 130 x 130 mm within the coronal plane around the temporal lobe. To date, however, technology has not provided a bright field microscope that is able to shift the object holder continuously in the x- and y-direction over such distances and still possess the same optical capabilities as comparable devices. We developed a new light microscope to continuously quantify such sections. We also developed the computing environment for controlling the device and for analyzing the data produced. In principle, we are now able to quantify each neuron of a human brain. The data ultimately will provide the most detailed structural information about the human brain ascertained thus far. Such detailed information of the spatial distribution of neurons is essential to develop realistic models for simulation of large-scale neuronal networks and to investigate the significance of neuronal arrangements with respect to neuronal signal processing in the CNS. After preprocessing of the data produced by the new microscope, we are able to detect lamination patterns in the spatial distribution of gravity centers of cells. Furthermore, morphological features like size of the projection area and mean staining intensity are visualized as a particle process. The particle process presents the sizes and staining intensity of perikaryons and allows a distinction of gray matter and white matter. These results provide evidence that the system works correctly and can be applied to a systematic analysis of a larger sequence of serial histologic sections. The objective of this study is to introduce the very large section analyzing microscope (VLSAM) and to present the initial data produced by the system. Moreover, we will discuss workload and future developments of the parallel image analysis system that are associated with the microscope.

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A Robust Transcortical Profile Scanner for Generating 2-D Traverses in Histological Sections of Richly Curved Cortical Courses

Cited by 24 publications

References 57 publications

Ventral visual cortex in humans: Cytoarchitectonic mapping of two extrastriate areas

Ventral visual cortex in humans: Cytoarchitectonic mapping of two extrastriate areas

Analysis of nerve fibers and their distribution in histologic sections of the human brain

Videomicroscopy, image processing, and analysis of whole histologic sections of the human brain

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