A Robust Preconditioned GMRES Method for Electromagnetic Scattering From Dielectric Rough Surfaces

Yang, Guangdi; Du, Yang

doi:10.1109/tgrs.2012.2184291

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…For Fig. 5(a), φ s = 0.9476, a max = 0.0782, tan δ = 0.4112, Next, we incorporate the proposed method with the efficient and robust right-preconditioned generalized minimal residual (GMRES-RP) method [4] to analyze electromagnetic scattering from rough surfaces. A diagram is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extension of the Spectral Acceleration Method to Lossy Medium and Its Application to Electromagnetic Scattering From Rough Surfaces

Wang

2015

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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In the numerical analysis of electromagnetic scattering from random rough surfaces, the spectral acceleration (SA) algorithms proposed by Chou, Torrungrueng, and Johnson are very efficient in their capability of producing an O(N ) iterative method of moment for 1-D lossless rough surfaces, where N is the number of surface unknowns. In this paper, we propose a method to extend the SA method to the lossy surfaces, where the magnitude of the complex radiation function may take noncanonical forms along the deformed integration path when evaluating the spectral representation of Green's function. The proposed method specifies ways on how the integration path in the complex angular plane should be deformed, how the domain of integration should be determined, and how the integration step size should be adjusted. It is shown to be very accurate through comparison with the exact results of Green's function. Its combination with the right-preconditioned generalized minimal residual (GMRES-RP) method renders an efficient and robust algorithm capable of handling both lossless and lossy rough surfaces. The predicted bistatic scattering coefficients agree almost perfectly with that of direct matrix inversion. The conservation of energy holds very well under a wide range of surface roughness and dielectric constant conditions. The proposed method thus provides a means for the analysis of scattering from rough surfaces, under realistic settings, and holds the potential for numerous important applications such as under surface target detection.Index Terms-Electromagnetic scattering, generalized minimal residual (GMRES), lossy medium, rough surfaces, spectral acceleration (SA).Yinhui Wang received the B.S. degree in electronic information science and technology from the Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China, in 2010. She is currently working toward the M.S. degree in Her research concentrates on rough surface electromagnetic scattering.Yang Du (M'03) received the B.E. degree in precision instrumentation

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extension of the Spectral Acceleration Method to Lossy Medium and Its Application to Electromagnetic Scattering From Rough Surfaces

Wang

2015

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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“…In this method, a right preconditioned generalized minimal residual (GMRES-RP) [11] method with the forward-backward method (FBM) [12], is combined with the spectral acceleration (SA) [13], [14] technique to expedite the computation of matrix-vector product. Although this method was originally designed for terrain surfaces, there is no difficulty in extending it to the composite ocean surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Studies of Sea Surface Scattering With the GMRES-RP Method

Luo

Yang

Wang

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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In this paper, we apply the right preconditioned generalized minimal residue (GMRES-RP) method for the analysis of electromagnetic scattering from 1-D ocean surfaces. We first verify that the GMRES-RP method has the desirable features of high accuracy, robustness, and efficiency, and, hence, is well suited to such analysis. We then carry out this analysis systematically by examining the effects of wind speed, incidence angle, ocean spectrum, and the degree of inclusion of the gravity and intermediate waves. With a large surface length of 16 384 λ and a noise floor pushed down below −70 dB, we have found more refined structures than suggested in the literature: At nearnormal incidence angle (θ i = 20°), both VV and HH results remain sensitive to wind speed. Across the incidence angle range, the sensitivity is higher at small wind speed (< 5 m/s) than at medium to high wind speed. Plant argued that the contribution from intermediate waves separately, not as a part of the large wave spectrum, becomes increasingly important with increasing wind speed and, accordingly, a multiscale model is desired. Our numerical analysis validates this viewpoint by showing that a normalized bistatic scattering coefficient value as large as 4 dB at certain angles for H-pol at L band can be attributed to the intermediate wave and the tilt modulation provided by large waves. The viewpoint is further validated by a comparison of the two-scale model and three-scale model against numerical resultswhere the two-scale model shows appreciable discrepancy in the forward scattering angles whereas the three scale model shows very good agreement with MoM, hence manifesting the necessity of advancing multiscale models beyond the conventional twoscale model. This finding also implies the need for numerical studies to use adequately large surface length, at least to cover the intermediate waves, even for below intermediate incidence cases. IndexTerms-Electromagnetic scattering, generalized minimal residue (GMRES), intermediate wave, ocean surface, preconditioning.

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“…Recently we have developed a highly efficient and robust numerical method for the analysis of scattering from randomly rough surfaces. In this method, a generalized minimal residual procedure which is right preconditioned (GMRES-RP) [14] with the forward-backward method (FBM) [15], in combination with the spectral acceleration (SA) [16,17] technique to expedite the computation of matrix-vector product. The applied preconditioning is found to transform the original linear system from near singular to stable with a good condition number; specifically, the spectrum of the preconditioned matrix is found condensed in the vicinity of the point 1 in the complex plane, an indicator of the good approximation quality of the preconditioner to the original matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Two-Scale and Three-Scale Models for Bistatic Electromagnetic Scattering From Ocean Surfaces

Luo¹,

Du²

2013

PIER

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Abstract-With rapid development of satellite technology in monitoring the ocean, a good understanding of the physical processes involved in the electromagnetic ocean-surface interaction is required. The composite surface models are usually applied in the analysis of the interaction, hence a systematical check of their region of validity is desirable. Based on a generalized minimal residual procedure which is right preconditioned (GMRES-RP) that we have recently developed which has demonstrated the desirable properties of a numerical algorithm: robust and efficient, in this paper, for bistatic scattering from one dimensional ocean surfaces, we carry out a systematic assessment of the performance of the popular two-scale model and the advanced three-scale model under different conditions of ocean surface wind speeds, polarizations, frequencies, and incidence angles. It is found that the two-scale model in general captures the bistatic scattering pattern, yet the accuracy of geometrical optics (GO) for the large scale wave brings considerable impact on the overall accuracy. If the evaluation of the contribution of the large scale wave is instead using direct numerical integration for the corresponding Kirchhoff integral, impressive improvements are frequently observed, especially at low frequency (L and C bands) and low wind speed (3 m/s). But care should be taken when apply two-scale method with numerical integration, since there are cases where visible discrepancy with method of moment (MoM) are observed. On the other hand, the threescale model is found in very good agreement with MoM across the considered ocean surface wind speeds, polarizations, frequencies, and incidence angles, hence represents a much advanced model over the two-scale model.

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A Robust Preconditioned GMRES Method for Electromagnetic Scattering From Dielectric Rough Surfaces

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

Extension of the Spectral Acceleration Method to Lossy Medium and Its Application to Electromagnetic Scattering From Rough Surfaces

Extension of the Spectral Acceleration Method to Lossy Medium and Its Application to Electromagnetic Scattering From Rough Surfaces

Numerical Studies of Sea Surface Scattering With the GMRES-RP Method

Comparison of the Two-Scale and Three-Scale Models for Bistatic Electromagnetic Scattering From Ocean Surfaces

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