A Robust Optimization for Designing a Charging Station Based on Solar and Wind Energy for Electric Vehicles of a Smart Home in Small Villages

Abstract

In recent years, integration of electric vehicles (EVs) has increased dramatically due to their lower carbon emissions and reduced fossil fuel dependency. However, charging EVs could have significant impacts on the electrical grid. One promising method for mitigating these impacts is the use of renewable energy systems. Renewable energy systems can also be useful for charging EVs where there is no local grid. This paper proposes a new strategy for designing a renewable energy charging station consisting of wind turbines, a photovoltaic system, and an energy storage system to avoid the use of diesel generators in remote communities. The objective function is considered to be the minimization of the total net present cost, including energy production, components setup, and financial viability. The proposed approach, using stochastic modeling, can also guarantee profitable operation of EVs and reasonable effects on renewable energy sizing, narrowing the gap between real-life daily operation patterns and the design stage. The proposed strategy should enhance the efficiency of conventional EV charging stations. The key point of this study is the efficient use of excess electricity. The infrastructure of the charging station is optimized and modeled.

Cooperative Planning of Distributed Renewable Energy Assisted 5G Base Station With Battery Swapping System

“…& , the annual operation and maintenance (O&M) cost, can be specifically expressed in (44) - (47). 49) and (50).…”

“…The electricity and service price of BSW are 0.122$/kWh and 0.1$/kWh. IV, referring to the latest reports and articles [47]- [50]. 10) The discount rate is assumed to be 0.06.…”

Wind-Energy-Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Stations: Resource Availability Data Analysis

“…EV charging stations powered by solar or grid electric power are reviewed in [8]. Several studies have used wind energy for EV grid-connected mode [9,10] and off-grid stations [11]. Other studies [12,13] discussed design problems and proposed optimization methodologies for the size of EV charging stations in both solar and wind microgrids, and concluded that a mix of renewable energy sources and storage systems is best for the optimal design of EV charging stations.…”

“…Other studies [12,13] discussed design problems and proposed optimization methodologies for the size of EV charging stations in both solar and wind microgrids, and concluded that a mix of renewable energy sources and storage systems is best for the optimal design of EV charging stations. Stand-alone solar and wind generators are not suitable sources to supply near-constant power for long periods, at least for slow power charging stations [8,11].…”

“…These impacts can be seen as deviations in the power line voltage, frequency, and total harmonic distortion (THD). The use of renewable energy systems is one promising method for mitigating these impacts [11].…”