A Robust Digital Image Watermarking in Hybrid Frequency Domain

Sridhar, P.

doi:10.14419/ijet.v7i3.6.14981

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Sridhar [18] proposed a scheme that protected the information with an adjustable balance between image quality and watermark resilience against image-processing and geometric attacks. The method was based on the DWT, DCT, and SVD techniques and provided an adaptive PSNR for the imperceptibility of the watermarks.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Robust and Secure Watermarking Approach Based on Hermite Transform and SVD-DCT

et al. 2023

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Currently, algorithms to embed watermarks into digital images are increasing exponentially, for example in image copyright protection. However, when a watermarking algorithm is applied, the preservation of the image’s quality is of utmost importance, for example in medical images, where improper embedding of the watermark could change the patient’s diagnosis. On the other hand, in digital images distributed over the Internet, the owner of the images must also be protected. In this work, an imperceptible, robust, secure, and hybrid watermarking algorithm is presented for copyright protection. It is based on the Hermite Transform (HT) and the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) as a spatial–frequency representation of a grayscale image. Besides, it uses a block-based strategy and a perfectibility analysis of the best embedding regions inspired by the Human Vision System (HVS), giving the imperceptibility of the watermark, and a Singular-Value Decomposition (SVD) approach improved robustness against attacks. In addition, the proposed method can embed two watermarks, a digital binary image (LOGO) and information about the owner and the technical data of the original image in text format (MetaData). To secure both watermarks, the proposed method uses the Jigsaw Transform (JST) and the Elementary Cellular Automaton (ECA) to encrypt the image LOGO and a random sequence generator and the XOR operation to encrypt the image MetaData. On the other hand, the proposed method was tested using a public dataset of 49 grayscale images to assess the effectiveness of the watermark embedding and extraction procedures. Furthermore, the proposed watermarking algorithm was evaluated under several processing and geometric algorithms to demonstrate its robustness to the majority, intentional or unintentional, attacks, and a comparison was made with several state-of-the-art techniques. The proposed method obtained average values of PSNR = 40.2051 dB, NCC = 0.9987, SSIM = 0.9999, and MSSIM = 0.9994 for the watermarked image. In the case of the extraction of the LOGO, the proposal gave MSE = 0, PSNR ≫ 60 dB, NCC = 1, SSIM = 1, and MSSIM = 1, whereas, for the image MetaData extracted, it gave BER = 0% and Berror=0. Finally, the proposed encryption method presented a large key space (K=1.2689×1089) for the LOGO image.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Robust and Secure Watermarking Approach Based on Hermite Transform and SVD-DCT

et al. 2023

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“…Furthermore, a random permutation of the watermark can be used to enhance robustness against various signal processing attacks, such as image cropping. In reference [109], DCT, DWT, and SVD were combined to achieve better robustness and imperceptibility. This hybrid scheme was shown to be robust against JPEG compression, filtering, salt-and-pepper noise, rotation, cropping, and scaling and translation operations.…”

Section: Hybrid Domain Watermarking Algorithms and Current Trends In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Image Watermarking Techniques: A Review

2020

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Digital image authentication is an extremely significant concern for the digital revolution, as it is easy to tamper with any image. In the last few decades, it has been an urgent concern for researchers to ensure the authenticity of digital images. Based on the desired applications, several suitable watermarking techniques have been developed to mitigate this concern. However, it is tough to achieve a watermarking system that is simultaneously robust and secure. This paper gives details of standard watermarking system frameworks and lists some standard requirements that are used in designing watermarking techniques for several distinct applications. The current trends of digital image watermarking techniques are also reviewed in order to find the state-of-the-art methods and their limitations. Some conventional attacks are discussed, and future research directions are given.

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