A robust digital audio watermarking scheme based on DWT and Schur decomposition

Karajeh, Huda; Khatib, Tahani; Rajab, Lama; Maqableh, Mahmoud

doi:10.1007/s11042-019-7214-3

Cited by 35 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The transformation to polar coordinate is given by the Eq. ( 11) [8]: (11) where is a point on the polar coordinate system. Transformations from polar coordinates to cartesian coordinates are given in Eq.…”

Section: Cartesian-polar Transformmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Audio Watermarking research has been developed by several previous researchers [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Singha and Ullah propose a combination of multi-level Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) on multiple images of different sizes as a decentralized watermark [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DWT technique is also applied to Audio Watermarking by the authors [3,[10][11]. For example, paper [10] proposes a hybrid watermarking algorithm for voice signal cryptography to protect the copyright of audio files.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study combined second-level 2D-Haar DWT and Schur decomposition. This hybrid scheme has succeeded in increasing imperceptibility, robustness, and data payload size [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Payload Qr-Based Data Hiding Using Secured Compressed Watermark in Polar Domain

Irawati¹,

Budiman²,

Masykuroh³

et al. 2021

Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications

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Audio Watermarking is a method to insert a copyright marker on audio. This method inserts a watermark in the information form and in a way that does not damage the audio. This technique is one of the ways to solve the problem of copyright infringement. The embedded watermark has to meet the condition of not damaging the audio and must have robustness, imperceptibility, and good capacity. The data hiding technique use the combined method of Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), QR Decomposition and Reconstruction, and Cartesian-Polar Transformation (CPT) based on Quantization Index Modulation (QIM) with the secured and compressed watermark using Compressive Sampling (CS) technique. The proposed scheme is blind Audio Watermarking as it no needs for original audio in the detection process. The combination of methods overcomes multiple attacks with guaranteed quality watermarking and high capacity. Compared to the existing technique, the data hiding technique can withstand LPF attacks, Resampling, Linear speed change (LSC), and MP3 compression. This proposed technique is also secured due to the coded watermark by a particular random key using CS. Combining CS and Audio Watermarking techniques can perform well in capacity, imperceptibility, security, and attack resistance.

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Section: Cartesian-polar Transformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study combined second-level 2D-Haar DWT and Schur decomposition. This hybrid scheme has succeeded in increasing imperceptibility, robustness, and data payload size [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

High Payload Qr-Based Data Hiding Using Secured Compressed Watermark in Polar Domain

Irawati¹,

Budiman²,

Masykuroh³

et al. 2021

Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications

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“…Quantization index modulation (QIM) [9,10], a method applicable to both spatial-domain and transform-domain audio signals [10,11,12], is also widely used to design audio watermarking. Compared with spatial-domain methods, transform-domain methods are considered more robust [13,14]. In addition, the phase information is found to be effective in designing inaudible audio watermarking, e.g., a method based on dynamic phase coding is proposed for audio watermarking [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronous Multi-Bit Audio Watermarking Based on Phase Shifting

Wang

Yuan

Zhang

et al. 2021

ICASSP 2021 - 2021 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

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Audio watermarking has been developed to protect the copyright of audio signals. We considered the use of the distribution of the phase spectrum and propose an effective multi-bit audio watermarking method based on phase shifting. The proposed method is implemented on the basis of a frame-wise framework. The phase spectrum of each frame is first calculated, then, in accordance with the embedded bit number of each frame, the phase bins are segmented into several subsets. An artificial phase pattern is constructed in one of these subsets to carry a specific multi-bit watermark. In the watermark extraction process, each frame is synchronized by identifying the phase pattern, then watermarks are extracted. We investigate the performance of the proposed method, and the results indicated that the proposed method balances the trade-off of inaudibility and robustness. From comparative evaluations, the proposed method also performed better than several other audio watermarking methods.

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