A roadmap for developing ATW technology: System scenarios &amp; integration

Tuyle, G. Van; Hill, David; Beller, Denis; Bishop, W. P.; Cotton, Thomas A.; Finck, P.J.; Halsey, W.G.; Herezeg, J; Herring, J. Stephen; Lancaster, D.; March-Leuba, J.; Ludewig, H.; Sanders, Thomas L.; Savage, Buzz; Schweitzer, Eric; Smith, Craig F.; Stewart, Leroy; Todosow, M.; Walter, Carl E.

doi:10.1016/s0149-1970(00)00094-9

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Conceptual designs of three types of eXperimental Accelerator Driven Systems (XADS) have been studied by the European Atomic Energy Community within its fifth framework program (Cinotti et al, 2004), which include a zero-power subcritical facility YALINA, a 80 MW Lead Bismuth Eutectic (LBE) cooled XADS, and a 50 MW multi-purpose hybrid research reactor MYRRHA for high-tech applications. A roadmap for developing an Accelerator Transmutation of Waste (ATW) technology was presented by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) (Van Tuyle et al, 2001), several researchers studied the physics design for using sodium or LBE as coolant of the ATW systems (Hill and Khalil, 2001;Yang and Khalil, 2001). The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has investigated an 800 MW LBE-cooled subcritical reactor with a 1.5 GeV proton accelerator to transmute minor actinides (Sugawara et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inherent Safety Characteristics of Lead Bismuth Eutectic-Cooled Accelerator Driven Subcritical Systems

Luo

Revankar

et al. 2022

Front. Energy Res.

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An accelerator driven subcritical system (ADS) is a new nuclear energy system which could not only produce clean energy but also incinerate nuclear waste. In this paper, inherent safety analysis of an ADS is performed with neutronics and thermal-hydraulics coupled code named ARTAP. Five typical accidents are carried out, including the cases of proton beam interruption, transient overpower, reactivity insertion, loss of flow, and loss of heat sink. The transient simulations are performed in the average channel and the hottest channel of the fuel pin in the ADS core. The simulation results for beam interruption show that the highest temperature of the pellet is in the middle of the fuel element in the average channel, while the peak temperature of the cladding is in the top of the fuel element. After the beam is interrupted for 20s, the maximum temperature drops at the fuel center, the cladding inner surface, and the outlet coolant in the hottest channel are 644.46K, 162.27K, and 136.42K respectively. For transient overpower accidents with the increase of beam intensity, the maximum temperature of the fuel and the cladding are below the safety limit. Concerning the reactivity insertion accident, it is found that the ADS has good inherent safety and its margin of criticality safety is large. The calculation results for loss of flow show that the power drop is small due to low sensitivity of the subcritical core to negative reactivity feedback, and the maximum temperature of the cladding reaches 1726K, which means the fuel element would rupture. However, the power and the temperatures of fuel, cladding, and coolant could decrease quickly to the safety level after the proton accelerator is cut off under a loss of flow accident. The results also show that the peak temperature of the cladding is lower than the safety limit under a loss of heat sink accident. The present simulation results reveal that the ADS has a remarkable advantage against severe accidents. It also implies that its inherent safety characteristics could ensure reactor shutdown by cutting off the proton beam after accidents occur.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inherent Safety Characteristics of Lead Bismuth Eutectic-Cooled Accelerator Driven Subcritical Systems

Luo

Revankar

et al. 2022

Front. Energy Res.

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“…Conceptual designs of three types of experimental accelerator driven systems (XADSs) have been studied by the European Atomic Energy Community within its fifth framework program [3], which includes a zero-power subcritical facility YALINA, an 80 MW lead bismuth eutectic (LBE) cooled XADS, and a 50 MW multi-purpose hybrid research reactor MYRRHA for high-tech applications. A roadmap for developing Accelerator Transmutation of Waste (ATW) technology was presented by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) [4]; several researchers studied the physics design for using sodium or LBE as coolant of the ATW systems [5,6]. The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has investigated an 800 MW LBE-cooled subcritical reactor with a 1.5 GeV proton accelerator to transmute minor actinides [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Safety Analysis of Accelerator Driven Subcritical Systems and Critical Nuclear Energy Systems

2021

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The accelerator driven subcritical system (ADS) has been chosen as one of the best candidates for Generation IV nuclear energy systems which could not only produce clean energy but also incinerate nuclear waste. The transient characteristics and operation principles of ADS are significantly different from those of the critical nuclear energy system (CNES). In this work, the safety characteristics of ADS are analyzed and compared with CNES by a developed neutronics and thermal-hydraulics coupled code named ARTAP. Three typical accidents are carried out in both ADS and CNES, including reactivity insertion, loss of flow, and loss of heat sink. The comparison results show that the power and the temperatures of fuel, cladding, and coolant of the CNES reactor are much higher than those of the ADS reactor during the reactivity insertion accident, which means ADS has a better safety advantage than CNES. However, due to the subcriticality of the ADS core and its low sensitivity to negative reactivity feedback, the simulation results indicate that the inherent safety characteristics of CNES are better than those of ADS under loss of flow accident, and the protection system of ADS would be quickly activated to achieve an emergency shutdown after the accident occurs. For the loss of heat sink, it is found that the peak temperatures of the cladding in the ADS and CNES reactors are lower than the safety limit, which imply these two reactors have good safety performance against loss of heat sink accidents.

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Radioactive waste disposal

Murray¹

2015

Nuclear Energy

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A roadmap for developing ATW technology: System scenarios & integration

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

Inherent Safety Characteristics of Lead Bismuth Eutectic-Cooled Accelerator Driven Subcritical Systems

Inherent Safety Characteristics of Lead Bismuth Eutectic-Cooled Accelerator Driven Subcritical Systems

Comparative Safety Analysis of Accelerator Driven Subcritical Systems and Critical Nuclear Energy Systems

Radioactive waste disposal

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