A risk model for addictive behaviors in adolescents: interactions between personality and learning

Abstract

Aims: To determine whether transdiagnostic risk, represented as elevations in one high-risk personality trait, interacts with behavior-specific risk, represented as elevated expectancies for reinforcement from either drinking or smoking, to account partly for early adolescent drinking and smoking behavior. Design: Multiple regression analysis.Setting: Twenty-three public schools in two school systems in the USA.Participants: A sample of 1,897 adolescents tested in the spring of 5 th , 6 th , 7 th , 8 th , and 9 th grades.Measurements: Transdiagnostic risk was measured as negative urgency, the tendency to act rashly when distressed, using the UPPS-P Child Version. Drinking-specific and smoking-specific risk were measured as expectancies for reinforcement from drinking and smoking, using the Memory Model-Based Expectancy Questionnaire (alcohol) and the Adolescent Smoking Consequences Questionnaire (smoking).Findings: There was consistent concurrent prediction from the interactions of (a) negative urgency and alcohol reinforcement expectancies to early adolescent drinking and (b) negative urgency and smoking reinforcement expectancies to early adolescent smoking, above and beyond prediction from the main effects of those variables. In each case, expectancies were more predictive at higher levels of negative urgency. Incremental R 2 values for main effects ranged from .07 to .26, and for interactions ranged from .01 to .03. Prospectively, the main effects predicted subsequent behavior but the interaction effects did not, except in one case.Conclusions: Among elementary and high school students in the USA, the joint effects of negative urgency and behavior-specific expectancies help to explain drinking and smoking behavior. Joint elevations on the trait and the learning variable account for drinking and smoking behavior beyond the main effects of each predictor. However, there is reason to doubt whether the joint effects predict subsequent increases in drinking and smoking beyond the main effects of those variables.

Hierarchical associations of alcohol use disorder symptoms in late adolescence with markers during early adolescence

“…It remains an open question though, whether especially Disorganization as a subscale is the best predictor or if slightly different constructs generally describing "novelty seeking" and "impulsivity", which have repeatedly been shown to be of importance, would be equally suited for the efficient, community-sample-suited prediction in a ctree-model (see Adan et al, 2017;D'Agostino et al, 2019;Donovan, 2004 for different operationalization).…”

Assessment of coexisting psychosis and substance misuse: complexities, challenges and causality

“…Mechanisms other than self-medication have been presented to explain the increased propensity for drug use among people with schizophrenia. Impulsivity and its subfacet, negative urgency (a tendency to act rashly in negative affect states), which are risk factors for substance misuse (Smith 2016; D'Agostino 2019), have been found to be increased in schizophrenia (Hoptman 2016). Recent studies point to the possibility that neurobiological changes in schizophrenia increase proneness to substance misuse (Dyer 2019; Petersen 2019).…”