A Risk-Based Screening Method for Evaluating Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons at Upstream Sites

McMillen, S.J.; Magaw, Renae; Deeley, George M.; Kerr, J.M.; Edwards, Deborah A

doi:10.2118/52722-ms

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Overall in this review information on factors that need to be taken into account when choosing the best technology for drilling waste management is presented, including the environmental risks associated with disposal of drilling wastes, thereby providing a backdrop for informed decisions regarding the disposal of drilling wastes to be made. Cost is only one of a number of factors that need to be taken into account when choosing the best technology for drilling waste management; other factors include the local environment, safety aspects and the relevant regulatory framework (McMillen et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the current options for the treatment and safe disposal of drill cuttings

Stewart²,

2011

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Drilling for the exploration and extraction of oil requires the use of drilling fluids which are continuously pumped down and returned carrying the rock phase that is extracted from the well. The potential environmental impacts of contaminated fluids from drilling operations have attracted increasing community awareness and scrutiny. This review article highlights current advances in the treatment of drill cuttings and compares the technologies in terms of cost, time and space requirements. Traditionally, a range of non-biological methods have been employed for the disposal of drill cuttings including burial pits, landfills and re-injection, chemical stabilization and solidification and thermal treatments such as incineration and thermal desorption. More recently, bioremediation has been successfully applied as a treatment process for cuttings. This review provides a current comparison of bioremediation technologies and non-biological technologies for the treatment of contaminated drill cuttings providing information on a number of factors that need to be taken into account when choosing the best technology for drilling waste management including the environmental risks associated with disposal of drilling wastes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the current options for the treatment and safe disposal of drill cuttings

Stewart²,

2011

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“…Screening levels are calculated for benzene as a constituent in a petroleum hydrocarbon mixture, based on a range of chemical analyses for 90 different unweathered petroleum products, crude oils, and condensates (McMillen et al ) in which the mass fraction of benzene ranged from 0.0000043 to 0.058 g benzene/g oil. Pure benzene is also included.…”

Section: Example Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved exposure estimation in soil screening and cleanup criteria for volatile organic chemicals

DeVaull

2017

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Soil cleanup criteria define acceptable concentrations of organic chemical constituents for exposed humans. These criteria sum the estimated soil exposure over multiple pathways. Assumptions for ingestion, dermal contact, and dust exposure generally presume a chemical persists in surface soils at a constant concentration level for the entire exposure duration. For volatile chemicals, this is an unrealistic assumption. A calculation method is presented for surficial soil criteria that include volatile depletion of chemical for these uptake pathways. The depletion estimates compare favorably with measured concentration profiles and with field measurements of soil concentration. Corresponding volatilization estimates compare favorably with measured data for a wide range of volatile and semivolatile chemicals, including instances with and without the presence of a mixed-chemical residual phase. Selected examples show application of the revised factors in estimating screening levels for benzene in surficial soils. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:861-869. C

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Measuring Very Low Residual Oil Contents on Cuttings: A Challenging Approach of the Zero OPF Discharge Option.

Saintpere¹,

Morillon-Jeanmaire²

2000

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The discharge of waste containing OPF (Organic Phase Fluid including Low Toxicity Fluids and esters) such as drilling cuttings will gradually be banned from a number of regions throughout the world. In the North Sea, by the end of year 2000, dumping into the sea of OPF drilling cuttings will definitely be prohibited. Nevertheless, as wells are becoming more and more sophisticated, the use of OPF as drilling fluid is actually the only viable option to succeed. For the time being, cuttings re-injection and ship-to-shore appear to be the most probable options, but they involve a significant increase in operating cost, unless R&D efforts on new separation treatments enable cuttings to be cleaned to an extremely low residual oil content. If a major breakthrough that could decrease the final residual oil content to around 0.5% or less (0.5 g of oil by 100 g of dry cuttings) can be envisaged, what will be the position of the authorities regarding cuttings discharge? Is "zero %" OPF content on cuttings before discharge reasonable and achievable? But first of all, is such a very low content measurable with precision on the rig site? This paper provides answers regarding the sensitive problems of measuring a very low oil content on a mineral substratum. A comprehensive study has been performed aiming at comparing the performances of 2 different methods used in the oil industry: direct distillation with visual reading, and distillation/pyrolysis followed by an evaluation of the Total Organic Carbon (TOC) by a Flame Ionization Detector (FID). The conclusion is that the distinction has to be made between TOC and residual oil content (ROC). The method based on thermal extraction with control of the temperature slope, enables the determination of the different origins of the organic matter and clearly demonstrate the need for criteria: even Water Base Mud (WBM) cuttings can contain organic matter (from 0 to 3%), such as kerogen, that should not be taken into consideration when evaluating oil content by thermal methods. The authors hope that the presented results could help to define a set of standard procedures to evaluate the residual oil content on cuttings. Introduction As a general trend in the industry, environmental concerns are becoming more and more stringent. The drilling industry has now to take into account new factors such as reduction of air emissions, drilling fluid release or cuttings treatments and their final disposal. These new aspects, which were not traditionally included in the drilling engineers'scope of work, are now a full part of the pre-engineering phase of a well. Drilling teams must include them in their studies, both in the technical challenge and cost evaluation. As a side product of the drilling process, cuttings are very variable in quantity, density, size, mineralogy or TOC. All those parameters depend on where the well is drilled, but also, on how it is drilled. Technical choices have a very important impact on cuttings. A phase drilled with WBM or OPF will produce very different types of cuttings, with their own particularities. As far as impact on the environment is concerned, the classification of the cuttings must consider those parameters and try to group them into categories.

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A Risk-Based Screening Method for Evaluating Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons at Upstream Sites

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

A review of the current options for the treatment and safe disposal of drill cuttings

A review of the current options for the treatment and safe disposal of drill cuttings

Improved exposure estimation in soil screening and cleanup criteria for volatile organic chemicals

Measuring Very Low Residual Oil Contents on Cuttings: A Challenging Approach of the Zero OPF Discharge Option.

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