A rising trend of double tropopauses over South Asia in a warming environment: Implications for moistening of the lower stratosphere

Sioris, Christopher E.; Wagh, Neeraj; Chattopadhyay, Rajib; Tao, Mengchu; Chavan, Prashant; Chakroborty, Tanusri

doi:10.1002/joc.6677

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 63 publications

(129 reference statements)

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“…6a and c). Some previous studies also show aerosol transport from South Asia and East Asia to the Arctic (Shindell et al, 2008;Fisher et al, 2011). The carbonaceous aerosols are also transported towards the western Pacific (Fig.…”

Section: Transport Of Biomass Burning Aerosol Into the Upper Troposphere And Lower Stratospheresupporting

confidence: 54%

The outflow of Asian biomass burning carbonaceous aerosol into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in spring: radiative effects seen in a global model

et al. 2021

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Abstract. Biomass burning (BB) over Asia is a strong source of carbonaceous aerosols during spring. From ECHAM6–HAMMOZ model simulations and satellite observations, we show that there is an outflow of Asian BB carbonaceous aerosols into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) (black carbon: 0.1 to 6 ng m−3 and organic carbon: 0.2 to 10 ng m−3) during the spring season. The model simulations show that the greatest transport of BB carbonaceous aerosols into the UTLS occurs from the Indochina and East Asia region by deep convection over the Malay Peninsula and Indonesia. The increase in BB carbonaceous aerosols enhances atmospheric heating by 0.001 to 0.02 K d−1 in the UTLS. The aerosol-induced heating and circulation changes increase the water vapor mixing ratios in the upper troposphere (by 20–80 ppmv) and in the lowermost stratosphere (by 0.02–0.3 ppmv) over the tropics. Once in the lower stratosphere, water vapor is further transported to the South Pole by the lowermost branch of the Brewer–Dobson circulation. These aerosols enhance the in-atmosphere radiative forcing (0.68±0.25 to 5.30±0.37 W m−2), exacerbating atmospheric warming, but produce a cooling effect on climate (top of the atmosphere – TOA: -2.38±0.12 to -7.08±0.72 W m−2). The model simulations also show that Asian carbonaceous aerosols are transported to the Arctic in the troposphere. The maximum enhancement in aerosol extinction is seen at 400 hPa (by 0.0093 km−1) and associated heating rates at 300 hPa (by 0.032 K d−1) in the Arctic.

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Section: Transport Of Biomass Burning Aerosol Into the Upper Troposphere And Lower Stratospheresupporting

confidence: 54%

The outflow of Asian biomass burning carbonaceous aerosol into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in spring: radiative effects seen in a global model

et al. 2021

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Long range transport of South and East Asian anthropogenic aerosols counteracting Arctic warming

Fadnavis,

Sonbawne,

Laakso

et al. 2024

npj Clim Atmos Sci

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The large-scale convection during the Asian summer monsoon plays an important role in the rapid transport of boundary layer aerosols into the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone. Here, using the state-of-the-art ECHAM6–HAMMOZ aerosol-chemistry-climate model, we show that these aerosols are further transported to the Arctic along isentropic surfaces by the Brewer-Dobson-Circulation (BDC) during the monsoon season. Our model simulations show that East and South Asian anthropogenic emissions contribute significantly to the aerosol transported to the Arctic, which causes a higher negative net aerosol radiative forcing at the surface (dimming) of −0.09 ± 0.02 Wm−2 and −0.07 ± 0.02 Wm−2, respectively. Over the Arctic, the East Asian anthropogenic aerosols that include large amounts of sulfate cause a seasonal mean net radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) of −0.003 ± 0.001Wm−2 and a surface cooling of −0.56 K while the black carbon dominated aerosol from South Asia shows a positive TOA forcing of +0.004 ± 0.001Wm−2 with an only minor surface cooling of −0.043 K. Overall, the long-range transport of South Asian aerosols results in a notably warming throughout the atmospheric column but minimal temperature response at the Arctic surface. Conversely, East Asian aerosols cool the troposphere and heat the lower stratosphere in the Arctic. The Asian aerosol thus plays an ambivalent role, with the East Asian sources in particular having the potential to counteract the rapid rise in Arctic temperatures and the associated melting of snow and ice.

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A rising trend of double tropopauses over South Asia in a warming environment: Implications for moistening of the lower stratosphere

Cited by 2 publications

References 63 publications

The outflow of Asian biomass burning carbonaceous aerosol into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in spring: radiative effects seen in a global model

The outflow of Asian biomass burning carbonaceous aerosol into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in spring: radiative effects seen in a global model

Long range transport of South and East Asian anthropogenic aerosols counteracting Arctic warming

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