A rhinocerotid-dominated megafauna at the MIS6-5 transition: The late Middle Pleistocene Coc Muoi assemblage, Lang Son province, Vietnam

Taphonomic Analyses of Cave Breccia in Southeast Asia: A Review and Future Directions

“…The vertebrate remains and fossil-bearing sediments show a range in age from the early to late Quaternary (e.g. Esposito et al, 2002;Bacon et al, 2018b;Zeitoun et al, 2019). Taken together, most data suggest that mammal remains were initially deposited in the landscape surrounding the caves, then transported into the cave and lithified into consolidated breccia.…”

Long-Term Isotope Evidence on the Diet and Habitat Breadth of Pleistocene to Holocene Caprines in Thailand: Implications for the Extirpation and Conservation of Himalayan Gorals

“…Based on fossil records during the Early to Late Pleistocene, both Naemorhedus and Capricornis are considered to be members of the typical Southeast Asian mammal assemblages, also known as the "Ailuropoda-Stegodon fauna complex." Their fossil remains have been found in large areas of Asia including China (e.g., Colbert and Hooijer, 1953;Kahlke, 1961;Hu and Qi, 1978;Han and Xu, 1985;Rink et al, 2008;Zhu et al, 2015), Vietnam (Long et al, 1996;Bacon et al, 2008aBacon et al, , 2018a, Laos (Bacon et al, 2008b(Bacon et al, , 2011(Bacon et al, , 2012, Thailand (Tougard, 1998(Tougard, , 2001Zeitoun et al, 2010;Filoux et al, 2015;Suraprasit et al, 2016;Wattanapituksakul et al, 2018), Cambodia (Bacon et al, 2018c), Peninsular Malaysia (Ibrahim et al, 2013), and Indonesian islands (Java and Sumatra) (Hooijer, 1958) (Figure 1).…”

“…We consequently reconstructed the diets and habitats of three Pleistocene Southeast Asian caprine taxa (N. goral, N. griseus, and C. sumatraensis) using the isotopic analysis of carbonate in tooth enamel in order to (1) identify the dietary niches (grazer versus browser) and habitat use by these sympatric species, to (2) test the species co-occurrence patterns, and to (3) investigate the evolutionary changes in the diets and habitats through a long historical timescale ranging from the Middle Pleistocene to the Anthropocene. As a result, we evaluated the ecological flexibility (Bocherens et al, 2017), 2 = Tham Wiman Nakin (Tougard, 1998(Tougard, , 2001Pushkina et al, 2010), 3 = Khok Sung (Suraprasit et al, 2016), 4 = Tham Lod Rockshelter (Wattanapituksakul et al, 2018), 5 = Ban Rai Rockshelter (this study), 6 = Tham Prakai Phet (Filoux et al, 2015), 7 = Cave of the monk (Zeitoun et al, 2010), 8 = Gongwangling (Hu and Qi, 1978;Han and Xu, 1985), 9 = Yenchingkou (Colbert and Hooijer, 1953), 10 = Chihchin (Kahlke, 1961), 11 = Guanyindong (Li and Wen, 1986), 12 = Panxian Dadong (Han and Xu, 1985), 13 = Wuyun (Chen et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2007;Rink et al, 2008), 14 = Wuming (Xue and Zhang, 1991;Rink et al, 2008), 15 = Coc Muoi (Bacon et al, 2018a), 16 = Tham Om (Olsen and Ciochon, 1990), 17 = Lang Trang (Long et al, 1996), 18 = Duoi U'Oi (Bacon et al, 2008a), 19 = Keo Leng (Olsen and Ciochon, 1990), 20 = Tam Hang (Bacon et al, 2011(Bacon et al, , 2015, 21 = Nam Lot (Bacon et al, 2008b(Bacon et al, , 2012, 22 = Boh Dambang (Bacon et al, 2018c), 23 = Badak Cave C (Ibrahim et al, 2013), 24 = Batu caves (Ibrahim et al, 2013), 25 = Gua Cha…”

Linear enamel hypoplasia in large-bodied mammals of Pleistocene northern Vietnam, with a special focus on Pongo

“…The Coc Muoi fauna documents a terrestrial ecosystem supporting megaherbivores in northern Vietnam, during the late Middle Pleistocene. The mammal assemblage has been constrained by age estimates obtained from the dating of fossiliferous breccia deposition in the cave site (Optically stimulated luminescence [OSL] and post-IR IR-stimulated luminescence [pIR-IRSL]), which produce an age range within a 1 σ confidence interval of 148 -117 ka (Bacon et al, 2018a). The faunal analysis of the assemblage revealed the exceptional predominance of rhinoceroses (especially Rhinoceros sondaicus) amongst other large-bodied mammals (tapirs, wild cattle, elephants and stegodons).…”

“…At that time, Indochinese mammalian guilds were also shaped by the presence of various herbivores and omnivores (muntjacs, sambar deer, medium-sized cervids, medium-sized bovids, porcupines, wild pigs, pandas, bears, macaques, and orangutans), and carnivores (tigers, leopards, and dholes), as the composition of the Coc Muoi fauna shows. In the first analysis of the fauna (Bacon et al, 2018a), we conducted a study of the prevalence of linear enamel hypoplasia [LEH] on the teeth of rhinocerotids (R. sondaicus, R. cf. unicornis, Dicerorhinus sumatrensis), bovids (Bos cf.…”