A rheological and microstructural characterisation of bigels for cosmetic and pharmaceutical uses

Lupi, Francesca R.; Shakeel, Ahmad; Greco, Valeria; Rossi, Cesare Oliviero; Gabriele, Domenico

doi:10.1016/j.msec.2016.06.098

Cited by 115 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Based on the presented results it can be stated that the amount of extract in the formulation has no significant effect on the dynamic viscosity. The results of the research confirmed the data published in the scientific literature that the viscosity of bigels depends on the amount of oleogel: the increase in the oleogel content in the bigel increases the dynamic viscosity (25).…”

Section: Assessment Of the Physical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 86%

Quality Analysis of Semisolid Formulations With Elderflower (Sambucus Nigra L.) Liquid Extract

Ramanauskienė¹,

Inkėnienė²,

Puidokaitė³

et al. 2019

Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research

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The active ingredients in the liquid extract of elderflower are responsible for the antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the plant. The main objective of the investigation was to design semisolid formulations with the elderflower extract and evaluate their quality using the biopharmaceutical research method in vitro. The quality of the elderflower (Sambucus nigra L.) extracts was evaluated spectrophotometrically by determining the total amount of polyphenols and flavonoids. The antiradical activity was determined spectrophotometrically by employing the DPPH free radical scavenging method. The agar diffusion method was used to determine antibacterial activity in vitro. The modified diffusion cells of Franz type were used to perform the biopharmaceutical experiment in vitro of semisolid pharmaceutical formulations. The results revealed that the highest amount of active compounds were found in the extracts when 70% (v/v) ethanol was used for the extraction of raw material. The obtained extracts had antiradical activity and antimicrobial effects against S. aureus and B. cereus. An inverse correlation was found between the total amount of flavonoids released after 6 hours in vitro experiment and the dynamic viscosity of the formulations. The base and the amount of excipients affected the release of active compounds from the formulations during the experiment. The results of the study showed that, as the lipophilicity and viscosity of the base increased, the performance in formulations slowed down. The released amount of active compounds decreased when oleogel concentration in the formulation increased. The hydrophilic base was confirmed as the best carrier of the liquid extract of elderflower.

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Section: Assessment Of the Physical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 86%

Quality Analysis of Semisolid Formulations With Elderflower (Sambucus Nigra L.) Liquid Extract

Ramanauskienė¹,

Inkėnienė²,

Puidokaitė³

et al. 2019

Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research

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“…Mud samples having higher organic matter content (RVand RT) had a higher complex modulus (417 Pa and 7909 Pa) than the ones with lower organic matter content (13 Pa and 1774 Pa), for a given density. The complex modulus is a measure of the consistency of the system, while the phase angle is representative of the degree of structuration (Lupi et al 2016;Shakeel et al 2018;Shakeel et al 2019b;Shakeel et al 2019c). The results showed that the consistency of the mud samples can be varied by changing the OM content or density, whereas the degree of structuration remains the same for all the samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Is density enough to predict the rheology of natural sediments?

2019

Self Cite

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Mud is a cohesive material which contains predominantly clay minerals, water, organic matter and some amounts of silt and sand. Mud samples can have complex rheological behaviour, displaying viscoelasticity, shear-thinning, thixotropy and yield stress. In this study, influence of organic matter on the rheological behaviour of different mud samples having similar densities is investigated. Four samples, collected from different locations and depths of Port of Hamburg (Germany) were selected. Two samples with the density of about 1210 kg/m 3 and two samples with the density of about 1090 kg/m 3 were analysed by different rheological tests, including stress ramp-up tests, flow curves, thixotropic tests, oscillatory amplitude and frequency sweep tests. Two yield stress regions (with two yield stress values stated as "static" and "fluidic" yield stresses) were identified for all the samples, and these regions, corresponding to a structural change of the samples were significantly different from sample to sample due to the differences in organic matter content. For lower density samples, the ratio of fluidic to static yield stress increased from 3 to 4.4 while it increased from 4.4 to 5.2 in case of higher density samples, by increasing the organic matter content. The thixotropic studies showed that the mud samples having lowest organic matter content (VH and KBZ) exhibit a combination of thixotropic and anti-thixotropic behaviours. The results of frequency sweep tests revealed the solid-like character of the mud within the linear viscoelastic regime. Mud samples having higher organic matter content (RVand RT) had a higher complex modulus (417 Pa and 7909 Pa) than the ones with lower organic matter content (13 Pa and 1774 Pa), for a given density. This study demonstrated that the density only is not a sufficient criterion to predict the rheology of different mud. Furthermore, even small amounts of organic matter content change significantly the mud rheological behaviour.

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“…A aplicação na indústria cosmética para uso em nanocosméticos tem igualmente assumido importante destaque, dentre outros fatores, por possuir baixa toxicidade em comparação com produtos inorgânicos ou de origem animal. 5 Vários agentes antitrombóticos são utilizados na prevenção e tratamento de desordens tromboembolíticas, sendo a heparina, uma glicosaminoglicana altamente sulfatada, o agente mais comumente utilizado. Porém, diversos efeitos adversos da heparina têm sido descritos, como por exemplo: hemorragia, trombocitopenia, necrose quando aplicada por via subcutânea e osteoporose.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified