A revisionary synopsis of theTrypetheliaceae(Ascomycota:Trypetheliales)

Abstract

A revisionary synopsis is presented for the family Trypetheliaceae, based on a separately published phylogenetic analysis of a large number of species, morpho-anatomical and chemical study of extensive material, and revision of numerous type specimens. A total of 418 species is formally accepted in this synopsis, distributed among 15 genera as follows: Aptrootia (3), Architrypethelium (7), Astrothelium (242), Bathelium (16), Bogoriella (29), Constrictolumina (9), Dictyomeridium (7), Distothelia (3), Marcelaria (3), Nigrovothelium (2), Novomicrothelia (1), Polymeridium (50), Pseudopyrenula (20), Trypethelium (16), and Viridothelium (10). All accepted genera, including new genera described separately in this issue, are keyed out and briefly described and discussed, and keys are provided for all accepted species within each genus. Entries with full synonymy and brief descriptions, and in part also discussions, are provided for all accepted species, except those newly described elsewhere in this issue, which are cross-referenced in the corresponding keys. The description of the newly defined genera takes into account phylogeny in combination with morpho-anatomical features with the result that they are mostly recognizable by a combination of thallus, ascoma and ascospore features. Most species previously assigned to the genera Astrothelium, Campylothelium, Cryptothelium, and Trypethelium, based on a schematic concept of ascoma morphology and ascospore septation, are now included in a single genus, Astrothelium, with highly variable ascoma morphology and ascospore septation but invariably with astrothelioid ascospores (at least when young), that is diamond-shaped lumina, and a welldeveloped, corticate, usually olive-green thallus that often covers the ascomata. While the genera Aptrootia (large, brown, muriform ascospores), Architrypethelium (large, mostly 3-septate ascospores), and Pseudopyrenula (ecorticate, white thalli and astrothelioid ascospores) are maintained, Trypethelium is redefined to include species with raised, pseudostromatic ascomata and multiseptate ascospores with thin septa. The sister group of Trypethelium is the genus Marcelaria, with brightly coloured pseudostromata and muriform ascospores. Bathelium is now limited to species with strongly raised, fully exposed pseudostromata and septate to muriform ascospores with thin septa. Several genera are recognized for more basal lineages with mostly ecorticate, white thalli and solitary, exposed ascomata previously assigned to Arthopyrenia, Mycomicrothelia and Polymeridium, viz. Bogoriella, Constrictolumina, Dictyomeridium, and Novomicrothelia. In addition, separate genera are accepted for the Trypethelium tropicum (Nigrovothelium) and T. virens (Viridothelium) groups. In addition, a refined species concept resulting from phylogenetic studies is employed which pays particular attention to morphological features of the thallus and ascomata. Of a total of 526 names checked, 107 remain synonyms of accepted names and a further eight are newly excl...

How diverse is the lichenized fungal familyTrypetheliaceae(Ascomycota: Dothideomycetes)? A quantitative prediction of global species richness

“…We assembled a list of 421 taxa of Trypetheliaceae (see Supplementary Material A, available online), which included the 418 species formally accepted in the family (Aptroot & Lücking 2016) plus three undescribed taxa; 418 of these were present in at least one of the 46 grids, whereas three further species (Aptrootia robusta, Bogoriella collospora, B. striguloides) were exclusively extratropical. Observed species richness per grid ranged from zero in the sub-Saharan African grids 16-18 to a maximum of 106-127 in grids 6, 7, and 9, which correspond to the western Amazon and savannah regions of Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, and north-western Brazil (Table 1, Fig.…”

“…Since the lichen biodiversity of the lowland rainforests of tropical Africa has been poorly studied, there may be many species still to be discovered. In contrast, Indonesia is not expected to harbour larger numbers of unknown species as many of them have already been described from this area in historical treatments and have now been resurrected as part of a global revision of the family (Aptroot & Lücking 2016). Very few historical studies for the family exist from the Neotropics and particularly the Amazon region, which makes discoveries of new species more likely.…”

Trypetheliaceae of Bolivia: an updated checklist with descriptions of twenty-four new species

“…Aptroot & Lücking and A. megaspermum. The first differs by its UV+ yellow pseudostromata, inspersed hymenium, 2-spored asci and non-amyloid ascospores, whereas the latter has comparatively wider, nonamyloid ascospores, and constantly 4-spored asci (Aptroot & Lücking 2016 Ascomata subglobose to pyriform, 1·0-1·6 mm diam., single, immersed to superficial, fully covered by thallus, ascomatal verrucae hemispherical with sloping to almost vertical sides, greyish to yellowish green, bark tissue inside of the thalline cover. Wall fully carbonized, not differentiated into excipulum and involucrellum, ≤ c. 100 μm wide.…”

“…Malme (1924) previously documented a particularly speciose biota of the family from the Caatinga vegetation in Brazil. Recent collections from Bolivia, Brazil (especially Rondônia), Guyana and Venezuela suggest that the family is speciose in primary forest in seasonally dry parts of the neotropical lowlands and humid Andean foothills (e.g., Aptroot & Cáceres 2014Aptroot & Lücking 2016). Long-term lichenological fieldwork conducted by the first two authors and collaborators in Bolivia provided a good opportunity for a study of the diversity of the family in this country.…”

New Trypetheliaceae from northern and southern Atlantic rainforests in Brazil

“…The generic concept applied here follows the phylogenetic studies by Nelsen et al (2014). All species are keyed out in Aptroot & Lücking (2016).…”