A revision of the west Palaearctic pear psyllids (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)

Abstract

The status and taxonomy of the west Palaearctic Pyrus-teeding psyllids are reviewed, and keys for the identification of adults and larvae are given. The species, now referred to the genus Cacopsylla, have been much confused. They are shown to comprise seven distinct species: C. pyrisuga (Forster), C. pyri (L.) (summer form pyrarboris, winter form pyri), C. pyricola (Forster) (summer form pyricola, winter form simulans), C. bidens (Sulc) (summer form vasilevi syn. n., winter form bidens), C. notata (Flor) sp. rev., C. permixta sp. n. (= simulans sensu Loginova and Gegechkori nee Forster) and C. fera (Baeva). Psylla horvathii Sulc and P. vicina Sulc are synonymized with C. pyricola; P. picta is regarded as a nomen dubium. Information is given on the host-plants and distribution of each species.

Potential Psyllid Vectors of Candidatus Phytoplasma Mali and Candidatus Phytoplasma Pyri in Turkey

“…and Crateagus spp. (Burckhardt and Onuçar 1993) and C. pyrisuga on Solanum melongena (Burckhardt and Hodkinson, 1986;Burckhardt and Onuçar, 1993). To our knowledge, until now there were no report on C. crataegi and C. melanoneura -C. affinis complex in Turkey.…”

“…Cacopsylla (Hepatopsylla) pyricola (Foerster, 1848) has been reported for Great Britain (Davies et al, 1992) and North America (Jensen et al, 1964), while Cacopsylla (Hepatopsylla) pyri (Linne, 1758) was described as the vector in France (Lemoine 1984), Italy (Carraro et al, 1998a) and Spain (Garcia-Chapa et al, 2005). C. pyri is widespread in Europe, in the Caucasus, Georgia, the Middle Asia, including Turkey (Klimaszewski and Lodos, 1979;Burckhardt and Hodkinson, 1986;Ossiannilsson, 1992;Burckhardt and Onuçar, 1993;Guçlü and Burckhardt, 1996;Ulubaş Serçe et al, 2006;Drohojowska and Burckhardt, 2014), while C. pyricola naturally occurs in the whole Palaearctic, from Europe to eastern Siberia, south Korea and Japan (Burckhardt and Hodkinson, 1986;Ossiannilsson, 1992;Inoue, 2010;Ouvrard, 2014) and was introduced into the eastern United States in the early 1800s. The morphological identification of the Pyrus-feeding psyllids must be considered with a particular attention.…”

“…The morphological identification of the Pyrus-feeding psyllids must be considered with a particular attention. In west Palaeartic, they form a complex of related but distinct seven species with overlapping geographical distributions (Ouvrard, 2014) and entomologists have usually applied names pyri or pyricola to all members of the complex and have failed to recognize morphological and biological differences between the species (Burckhardt and Hodkinson, 1986). Typically, Burckhardt and Onuçar (1993) have shown that the records of C. pyricola from Turkey Lodos, 1977, 1979) were misidentifications and concerned Cacopsylla (Hepatopsylla) notata (Flor, 1861).…”

“…Others Pyrus-feeding psyllids have been still neglected as potential vectors of 'Ca. P. pyri', in particular, Cacopsylla (Thamnopsylla) pyrisuga (Foerster, 1848) and Cacopsylla (Hepatopsylla) bidens (Šulc, 1907), two species reported from Turkey (Burckhardt and Hodkinson, 1986;Burckhardt and Onuçar, 1993;Ozgen et al, 2012;Drohojowska and Burckhardt, 2014). The presence of fruit tree diseases caused by phytoplasma in Turkey was first reported in 1999 (Çağlayan and Gazel, 1999).…”

Jumping plant-louse Cacopsylla (Hepatopsella) bidens (Sulc, 1907) (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) new pest on pear in Serbia

“…Podrodu Hepatopsylla pripada šest vrsta: Cacopsylla pyri (L.), C. pyricola (Förster), C. bidens (Šulc), C. permixta (Burckhardt & Hodkinson), C. notata (Flor) i C. fera (Baeva). Podrod Thamnopsylla je predstavljen jednom vrstom C. pyrisuga (Förster) (Burckhardt & Hodkinson, 1986). Prvih šest vrsta, iz podroda Hepatopsylla pripada kompleksu Cacopsylla pyri / C. pyricola, čija je determinacija prilično teška, pošto su u morfološkom i bioekološkom smislu veoma slične.…”