A revision of the Simocephalus (latirostris) species group (Crustacea: Anomopoda: Daphniidae)

Orlova-Bieñkowskaja, Marina J.

doi:10.1007/bf00019374

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…S. vetulus has previously been noted to prefer dense vegetation of submerged macrophytes (Alonso, 1996;Hann & Zrum, 1997). Simocephalus mesorostris was found in two shallow, pristine lakes with abundant vegetation, consistent with previous records of this species in the vegetation of warm, unpolluted water bodies with low pH and low oxygen concentrations (Orlova-Bienkowskaja, 1995). Graptoleberis testudinaria, a phytophilic chydorid which during feeding glides over surfaces of aquatic macrophytes like a minute snail (Fryer, 1968), was found in lakes Nyabikere and Kanyamukali.…”

Section: Faunisticssupporting

confidence: 78%

Distribution and faunal richness of Cladocera in western Uganda crater lakes

2011

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In this study, we analyse the distribution and species richness of epibenthic and planktonic Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) in 62 Uganda crater lakes, spread across the climatic gradient between the sub-humid shoulder and semi-arid floor of the East African Rift Valley. Together, these lakes cover large environmental gradients in salinity, trophic conditions and depth. In total, 36 species of Cladocera were encountered in the freshwater lakes (<1,500 mu S/cm), whereas only a single species was found in the true saline lakes (>10,000 mu S/cm). Cladoceran species richness in individual lakes was found to be determined primarily by the presence of a well-developed littoral belt of submerged and emergent aquatic macrophytes, pH and salinity. The highest species richness occurred in fresh but eutrophic shallow waters, with relatively low pH (6.5-7) and dense aquatic macrophyte growth. As identified by multivariate statistical analysis, the distribution of Cladocera species among the Uganda lakes was most strongly determined by nutrient availability (measured as total phosphorus), the presence and diversity of aquatic macrophyte habitat, pH, mean annual temperature and the fraction of the crater catchment that is currently under agriculture. Since Cladocera play an important role in aquatic food webs, and as such contribute to the ecological integrity of aquatic ecosystems, an increased understanding of the environmental controls underlying their distribution provides valuable information on aquatic ecosystem functioning needed for management and conservation. The significant turnover of cladoceran species composition along the sampled environmental gradients demonstrates their potential as biological indicators for water quality and ecosystem health in East African lakes. Our results suggest that changes in land use are the greatest threat to natural ecosystem functioning in these African lakes, and particularly so in the shallower lakes

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Section: Faunisticssupporting

confidence: 78%

Distribution and faunal richness of Cladocera in western Uganda crater lakes

2011

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“…The ephippium from fragment 4307/2026 was justifiably named "of Simocephalus -type" by Smirnov [ 11 ], indeed, it is quite similar to the ephippia of recent species from this genus (Figure 2c-d ). Among daphniids, the ephippium of Simocephalus is quite unique in possessing a fluently narrowing posterior portion and a large, elongated resting egg [ 35 ]. Although ephippia of recent species normally have well-developed sculpturing, weak sculpturing of the Mesozoic ephippia could be an artefact of impression fossil formation or of among-species variation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesozoic fossils (>145 Mya) suggest the antiquity of the subgenera of Daphniaand their coevolution with chaoborid predators

Kotov

Taylor

2011

BMC Evol Biol

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BackgroundThe timescale of the origins of Daphnia O. F. Mueller (Crustacea: Cladocera) remains controversial. The origin of the two main subgenera has been associated with the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea. This vicariance hypothesis is supported by reciprocal monophyly, present day associations with the former Gondwanaland and Laurasia regions, and mitochondrial DNA divergence estimates. However, previous multilocus nuclear DNA sequence divergence estimates at < 10 Million years are inconsistent with the breakup of Pangaea. We examined new and existing cladoceran fossils from a Mesozoic Mongolian site, in hopes of gaining insights into the timescale of the evolution of Daphnia.ResultsWe describe new fossils of ephippia from the Khotont site in Mongolia associated with the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary (about 145 MYA) that are morphologically similar to several modern genera of the family Daphniidae, including the two major subgenera of Daphnia, i.e., Daphnia s. str. and Ctenodaphnia. The daphniid fossils co-occurred with fossils of the predaceous phantom midge (Chaoboridae).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the main subgenera of Daphnia are likely much older than previously known from fossils (at least 100 MY older) or from nuclear DNA estimates of divergence. The results showing co-occurrence of the main subgenera far from the presumed Laurasia/Gondwanaland dispersal barrier shortly after formation suggests that vicariance from the breakup of Pangaea is an unlikely explanation for the origin of the main subgenera. The fossil impressions also reveal that the coevolution of a dipteran predator (Chaoboridae) with the subgenus Daphnia is much older than previously known -- since the Mesozoic.

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“… 2015 ). The genus Simocephalus was reviewed by Orlova-Bienkowskaja ( 2001 ) and grouped into five subgenera: Simocephalus s. str., Acutirostratus , Aquipiculus , Coroncephalus and Echinocaudus .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 2015 ). The first record of S. ( E. ) sibiricus Sars, 1898 in China was reported by Shi and Shi ( 1994 ) and distributed only in Heilongjiang Province (Shi and Shi 1996 ), which was established as a synonym of S. exspinosus later by Orlova-Bienkowskaja ( 2001 ). However, the validity of S. sibiricus was confirmed by genetic sequences (using COXI and 18S sequences) and some morphological characters (short rhomboid ocellus, with 16–22 spines on the basal postabdomen claw, and the dorsal and ventral posterior valve margin with thick and strong denticles) (Huang et al.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The specimens of Simocephalus were collected in March 2021 from a pond in South China Botanical Garden (113.37°E, 23.19°N), Guangzhou City, southern China. The individuals of Simocephalus were identified as S. sibiricus with morphological characters of short rhomboid ocellus, around 20 spines on the basal postabdomen, thick and strong denticles on the dorsal ventral posterior valve margin according to Orlova-Bienkowskaja ( 2001 ) and Huang et al. ( 2014 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Complete mitochondrial genome of freshwater flea Simocephalus sibiricus Sars, 1899 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Anomopoda)

Liu

Han

2021

Mitochondrial DNA Part B

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In this study, we presented the first complete mitochondrial genome of the genus Simocephalus determined by next-generation sequencing. The mitogenome of S. sibiricus is 15,818 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNAs, 22 tRNAs, and one putative control region, and has the same gene order with Daphnia. ATG and ATT were used as start codons in 11 PCGs, TTG was used in COX1 and GTG in ATP8. Six PCGs used an incomplete stop codon. Phylogenetic analysis based on 13 PCGs showed that, on genus level, Simocephalus was closely related to Daphnia .

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A revision of the Simocephalus (latirostris) species group (Crustacea: Anomopoda: Daphniidae)

Abstract: The group of 3 species : Simocephalus latirostris, S. lusaticus and a new species, S. mesorostris, is given the rank of a subgenus . Descriptions and a key for the identification of these species are given . The unknown male of S. latirostris is described.

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Distribution and faunal richness of Cladocera in western Uganda crater lakes

Distribution and faunal richness of Cladocera in western Uganda crater lakes

Mesozoic fossils (>145 Mya) suggest the antiquity of the subgenera of Daphniaand their coevolution with chaoborid predators

Complete mitochondrial genome of freshwater flea Simocephalus sibiricus Sars, 1899 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Anomopoda)

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