A revision of the lithostratigraphical classification of the early Palaeogene strata of the London Basin and East Anglia

Ellison, R.A.; Knox, R. W. O’B.; Jolley, David W.; King, Chris

doi:10.1016/s0016-7878(08)80118-6

Cited by 65 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…An early Ypresian age (c. 52 -49 Ma) for the London Clay Formation is supported by the identification of calcareous nannoplankton species corresponding to zones NP11 (Division B) and NP 12 (Divisions C-E; Martini 1971;King 1981;Aubry 1985), while the existence of NP10 (Division A2 or the 'Walton Member') has been inferred (Ellison et al 1994;Ali & Jolley 1996). Biostratigraphic zonation microfossils that assist correlations within the London Clay include dinoflagellates (Zones D5-D8; Costa & Downie 1976;Powell et al 1996), ostracods (Keen 1977;King 1981), benthic and planktonic foraminiferans (King 1981), diatoms and radiolarians (Ellison et al 2004).…”

Section: Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In southern England, London Clay Formation occurs within the Hampshire and London basins; offshore, these connect to the Dieppe and North Sea basins, while on mainland Europe, contiguous deposits occur in Holland (known from boreholes only), NW Germany and Denmark (mostly known from borings; Davis & Elliot 1957), France (small exposures from the Paris Basin possibly present in northern France; Davis & Elliot 1957) and Belgium, where the 140 m-thick Argile d'Ypres is well documented (Davis & Elliot 1957;Steurbaut 2006). The London Clay Formation and the underlying Harwich Formation (defined by Ellison et al 1994; formerly known as the Blackheath or Oldhaven Beds) together form the Thames Group (King 1981). Most of the London Clay Formation consists of heavily bioturbated but homogeneous argillaceous or slightly calcareous clay, with intervals of silty to sandy clays.…”

Section: Geological Context: London Clay Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The English Chalk and London Clay: two remarkable British bony fish Lagerstätten

Friedman

Beckett

et al. 2015

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The Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Maastrichtian) Chalk Group and Eocene (Ypresian) London Clay Formation are two British marine deposits that yield globally significant assemblages of fossil actinopterygian (ray-finned) fishes. Materials from these units, especially the Chalk, featured prominently in the work of Arthur Smith Woodward. Here we summarize the history of study of actinopterygian fossils from the Chalk and London Clay, review their geological and palaeoenvironmental context and provide updated faunal lists. The Chalk and London Clay are remarkable for preserving fossil fishes in three dimensions rather than as the flattened individuals familiar from many other famous Lagerstätten, as well as capturing detailed 'snapshots' of marine fish faunas that bracket the major taxonomic shift that took place near the CretaceousPalaeogene boundary.Gold Open Access: This article is published under the terms of the CC-BY 3.0 license.

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Section: Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Geological Context: London Clay Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The English Chalk and London Clay: two remarkable British bony fish Lagerstätten

Friedman

Beckett

et al. 2015

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“…As a consequence of its varied fluvial and coastal depositional environments, the Lambeth Group is both vertically and laterally variable in composition (Page & Skipper 2000;Ellison et al 2004; Table 1). At Farringdon, it mainly comprises red to brown, green or grey multicoloured clays of the 'Mottled Beds' (Upper and Lower Mottled Clay of Ellison et al 1994;Aldiss 2012), but other lithologies are present, including grey clays, fine silty sands, shell beds, sandy clay and sandy flint gravel. It includes a significant non-sequence, the mid-Lambeth Group Hiatus (Page 1994;Page & Skipper 2000), beneath which the deposits have been modified by contemporary tropical or sub-tropical weathering and duricrust formation ( Table 1).…”

Section: Geology Of the Farringdon Area And Its Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of a 3D geological model for major tunnelling works: an example from Farringdon, east–central London, UK

Aldiss

Black

Entwisle

et al. 2012

QJEGH

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Abstract:In the design of major construction works, the better the ground conditions are known, the more control there is on the assessment of risks for construction, contract and personnel, and ultimately on final costs. Understanding of the ground conditions is usually expressed as a conceptual ground model that is informed by the results of desk study and of dedicated ground investigation. Using the GSI3D software, a 3D geological model (a model comprised of attributed solid volumes, rather than of surfaces) can be constructed that exactly honours geologists' interpretations of the data. The data is used in its true 3D position.The 3D model of faulted Lambeth Group (Palaeogene) strata in the area of the proposed new Crossrail Farringdon underground station, in central London, has several types of benefit. These include enabling optimum use of available GI data, including third party data, with confidence.The model provides an understanding of the local geological structure that had not been possible using other commonly-used methods: in particular, it shows the likely distribution of numerous water-bearing coarse deposits and their faulted offsets, which has potentially significant effects on groundwater control. The model can help to target ground investigation, constrain design, and control risk.

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“…Concretions of various kinds are found in the London Clay Formation; they include septarian nodules that form large spheroids (typically 30 to 50cm in diameter) of cemented mudstone, containing ferroan calcite. Based on major revisions of the London Clay Formation carried out by King (1981), and later by Ellison et al (1994Ellison et al ( & 2004, four informal lithostratigraphical units (Units A to D) and the formally named Claygate Member have now been recognised (Figure 1). …”

Section: Lithologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Volume Change Potential in the London Clay

Jones

Terrington

2011

QJEGH

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The London Clay Formation is particularly susceptible to shrink-swell behaviour that has resulted in a long history of foundation damage due to ground movement across the outcrop. Damage has cost up to £500 million in a single year. Underlying most of the Greater London area, the London Clay Formation is of major engineering importance as it is on and within this formation that the majority of the city's infrastructure, buildings and underground services are constructed. The Volume Change Potential of a soil is the relative change in volume to be expected with changes in soil moisture content and the subsequent shrinkage or swelling can cause major damage to structures above or below ground. Detailed statistical and spatial analyses of data across the London Clay outcrop has revealed a significant geographical trend in the volume change potential of this deposit, confirming an overall increase from west to east, but also showing subtle trends with depth. This paper describes how this analysis was carried out and shows how such assessments can yield valuable information about shrink-swell behaviour not only of the London Clay but of similar shrinkswell prone argillaceous formations elsewhere.

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A revision of the lithostratigraphical classification of the early Palaeogene strata of the London Basin and East Anglia

Cited by 65 publications

References 14 publications

The English Chalk and London Clay: two remarkable British bony fish Lagerstätten

The English Chalk and London Clay: two remarkable British bony fish Lagerstätten

Benefits of a 3D geological model for major tunnelling works: an example from Farringdon, east–central London, UK

Modelling Volume Change Potential in the London Clay

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