A revision of the interrelationships of Schistosoma including the recently described Schistosoma guineensis☆

Webster, Bonnie L.; Southgate, V. R.; Littlewood, D. Timothy J.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.03.005

Cited by 118 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…10). These findings are consistent with present knowledge of schistosome evolutionary relationships 15 and karyotypes 16 . Given the close relationship between S. haematobium and S. mansoni and the size and quality of the draft genome for S. mansoni 8 , we aligned S. haematobium to S. mansoni scaffolds that mapped to chromosomes (2n = 16; ZZ) 17 .…”

supporting

confidence: 93%

“…2). The relationship of the schistosomes was in accordance with previous studies using mitochondrial and/or nuclear DNA markers 15 . The present phylogenetic analysis extends our understanding of the evolution of key trematodes, and the l e t t e r s approach used provides a sound basis for future, large-scale evolutionary analyses when extensive genomic and transcriptomic data sets become available for a wide range of flatworms.…”

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confidence: 89%

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Whole-genome sequence of Schistosoma haematobium

et al. 2012

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Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by blood flukes (genus Schistosoma; schistosomes) and affecting 200 million people worldwide 1 . No vaccines are available, and treatment relies on one drug, praziquantel 2 . Schistosoma haematobium has come into the spotlight as a major cause of urogenital disease, as an agent linked to bladder cancer 1,3 and as a predisposing factor for HIV/AIDS 4,5 . The parasite is transmitted to humans from freshwater snails 1 . Worms dwell in blood vessels and release eggs that become embedded in the bladder wall to elicit chronic immune-mediated disease 6 and induce squamous cell carcinoma 7 . Here we sequenced the 385-Mb genome of S. haematobium using Illumina-based technology at 74-fold coverage and compared it to sequences from related parasites 8,9 . We included genome annotation based on function, gene ontology, networking and pathway mapping. This genome now provides an unprecedented resource for many fundamental research areas and shows great promise for the design of new disease interventions.

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confidence: 93%

supporting

confidence: 89%

Whole-genome sequence of Schistosoma haematobium

et al. 2012

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“…Known naturally infected definitive host groups are shown by the icons. The points 'A', 'B' and 'C' indicate the three suggested points where species adapted to infect humans; molecular clock estimates place the date of each divergence at roughly 3.8 MYA (millions of years ago) for point A and less than 1 million years ago for points B and C (Morgan et al, 2005, Webster et al, 2006, Attwood et al, 2008). The lines marked 'H' demonstrate clades with known hybridization between species (see section 4.1).…”

Section: Overview Of Schistosomiasis As a Global Infection Of Wildlifmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lines marked 'H' demonstrate clades with known hybridization between species (see section 4.1). Figure adapted from Webster et al (2006).…”

Section: Overview Of Schistosomiasis As a Global Infection Of Wildlifmentioning

confidence: 99%

Out of Animals and Back Again: Schistosomiasis as a Zoonosis in Africa

Standley¹,

Dobson²,

Stothard³

2012

Schistosomiasis

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“…In step 6, all possible vaccine targets were functionally annotated using GO, SwissProt, STRING and STICH. First,6,016 orthologous proteins between S. mansoni and S. haematobium,4,209 orthologous proteins between S. mansoni and S. japonicum and 4,305 orthologous proteins between S. haematobium and S. japonicum we identified by BLAST RBH. We identified 2,701 core proteins in these three genomes.…”

Section: Protein Annotationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genomics of schistosomes: identifying parasites specific genes, drug and vaccine targets

Hasan¹

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Schistosomiasis is a chronic disease, caused by Schistosoma species, affecting 200 million people worldwide and causing at least 300,000 deaths annually. Currently, no vaccines are available and Praziquantel is the standard anti-schistosomiasis drug.Praziquantel disrupts the tegument of adult worms, but not juvenile parasites and it does not prevent reinfection. Praziquantel resistance is rare, but repeated treatment in the field and laboratory manipulation has increased parasitic resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a vaccine that induces long-term immunity to schistosomiasis with the final goal of complete elimination. Driven by the need to improve disease treatment and prevention, the genomes of three human Schistosoma species have recently become publicly available (S. mansoni, S. japonicum Chinese strain and S. haematobium). The principal goal of the PhD research project is to employ machine learning and Bioinformatics methods to identify novel vaccine and drug targets against the human-infecting Schistosoma parasites from genome sequence information.In the first study, schistosome specific machine learning classifiers were developed for surface proteins and secretory peptides. Schistosome surface proteins, especially those expressed in tegument, represents the interface between host and parasite and its molecules are responsible for essential functions to parasite survival. Also, large number of proteins secreted by schistosomes are important for their survival in their hosts and infection. Knowledge of schistosome surface and secreted proteins is essential for understanding parasite host interaction and finding new candidate targets for vaccines and drugs or developing novel diagnostic methods. The web application SchistoProt has been developed, a schistosome specific classifier, for identifying schistosome specific surface proteins and secretory peptides that might be potential drug and vaccine targets.In the second study, a machine learning prediction tool is developed to predict In the third study, a comparative analysis of the publicly available Schistosoma genomes S. mansoni, S. Japonicum, S. haematobium, the newly sequenced Schistosoma bovis III genome and the non-parasitic, free-living flatworm Schmidtea mediterranea reveals the interesting candidate genes for vaccine targets. Selected genes from this study have been annotated as surface or secretory proteins using the developed web applications from previous two studies. Further, using Gene Ontology and Swiss-Prot annotations, 20 putative vaccine and drug targets have been identified to be biologically validated by wet laboratory experiments in animals and then clinically.The in silico comparative genomics analysis approach for identifying new drug and vaccine candidates represents a valuable resource for the Schistosoma research community. The protocol developed in this PhD research project can be used as a blueprint for other important parasitic diseases including malaria.

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A revision of the interrelationships of Schistosoma including the recently described Schistosoma guineensis☆

Cited by 118 publications

References 37 publications

Whole-genome sequence of Schistosoma haematobium

Whole-genome sequence of Schistosoma haematobium

Out of Animals and Back Again: Schistosomiasis as a Zoonosis in Africa

Comparative genomics of schistosomes: identifying parasites specific genes, drug and vaccine targets

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