A revision of the genus Stratiotes (hydrocharitaceae)

Cook, Christopher D.K.; Urmi-König, Katharina

doi:10.1016/0304-3770(83)90035-9

Cited by 56 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Previous experiments (Mulderij et al, 2005a, b) provided evidence for allelopathic interference of Stratiotes aloides with phytoplankton species, but the nature of the active compound(s) was not investigated. S. aloides is a dioecious, perennial aquatic macrophyte, native to Europe and Siberia (Cook & Urmi-Kö nig, 1983). A part of its life cycle is submerged (Bloemendaal & Roelofs, 1988) and the plants overwinter as turions or entire (but rootless) plants on the bottom of the lake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelopathic activity of Stratiotes aloides on phytoplankton—towards identification of allelopathic substances

et al. 2007

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The allelopathic activity of the aquatic macrophyte, Stratiotes aloides, was determined with laboratory experiments. Active compounds exuded in the medium or present in plant tissue were extracted using standard procedures and solid phase extraction (SPE). The activity towards various cyanobacteria and chlorophytes was tested in two different bioassay systems using agar plates and liquid cultures of phytoplankton. Extracts and exudates of S. aloides affected phytoplankton growth. SPE-enriched exudates and enriched water from a natural Stratiotes stand caused inhibition of target species, however, also some controls were active. Phytoplankton species exhibited differential sensitivity to extracts of S. aloides. We observed inhibitory and stimulatory effects on phytoplankton. In general, more cyanobacteria than other phytoplankton species were inhibited, and the inhibition of cyanobacteria was stronger. In most cases, nutrient (P or K) limitation of Synechococcus elongatus and Scenedesmus obliquus decreased the sensitivity of these species towards allelochemicals from Stratiotes aloides, except for P-limited cultures of Scenedesmus. The allelopathically active compound(s) from Stratiotes are moderately lipophilic and most likely no phenolic compounds. Our results indicate that allelopathy (besides nutrient interference and shading) might also account for the low phytoplankton and filamentous algae densities in the vicinity of Stratiotes plants, at least during certain phases of the life-cycle of Stratiotes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelopathic activity of Stratiotes aloides on phytoplankton—towards identification of allelopathic substances

et al. 2007

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“…The interstadial fluctuation at the close of Ferdynandovian 1 was marked mostly by an increase in the number of specimens of several taxa, including spines and, in particular, seed fragments of Stratiotes sp. Seeds of the modern Stratiotes aloides are extremely rare, as the species reproduces mainly vegetatively because many waterbodies contain either males or females of the species (Cook & Urmi-König 1983, Gałka 2007, Mowszowicz 1973, Smolders et al 1995. However, loss of an ability to produce seeds may result primarily from the climate cooling and borealisation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetation of the Ferdynandovian interglacial (MIS 13–15) based on plant macrofossils from a new profile of the stratotype site

Stachowicz‐Rybka¹

2015

Acta Palaeobotanica

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ABSTRACT. Early Middle Pleistocene palaeolacustrine sediments of the Ferdynandów site (E Poland), serving as a stratotype for the Ferdynandovian interglacial, were subjected to a new drilling in 2011. The obtained profile, covering the late Sanian 1 glaciation, two interglacial successions (Ferdynandovian 1 and 2), the cold Ferdynandovian 1/2 interval, and the early Sanian 2 glaciation, permitted a high-resolution plant macroremains analysis, correlated with the results of a palynological examination. In detailed studies of plant macroremains from the profile, new taxa were discovered for the Polish Pleistocene flora: specifically, species that are extinct or not found nowadays in Poland. On the basis of the taxonomic diversity and occurrence of bioindicators, the division into warm and cold units of the Ferdynandovian interglacial as well as units associated with the Sanian 1 and 2 glaciations, already applied in pollen studies, were confirmed, and the periods were described in terms of plant macroremains.The Ferdynandovian succession is correlated with the Cromerian Complex (Cromerian III and IV) in the Early Middle Pleistocene of Western Europe, as well as with Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 13-15. New geological and palaeobotanical data enabled a description of the palaeogeographic context and conditions of functioning, as well as the evolution of the interglacial lake at the stratotype site.The outcome of plant macroremains analysis is presented and interpreted in comparison with corresponding results previously obtained for the Ferdynandów B profile, studied by Janczyk-Kopikowa (1975). Particular consideration is given to similarities between the succession of Ferdynandów 2011 and the profiles of Ferdynandów B and the nearby drilled Łuków 3A.Study of the macrofossil flora of Ferdynandów 2011 revealed the presence of species absent in the archival Ferdynandów B. Taxa not formerly recorded in early Middle Pleistocene floras, such as Brasenia borysthenica, Aldrovanda borysthenica, Pilularia borysthenica, Caulinia goretskyi, and Potamogeton saryanensis, were identified. These species and other taxa of stratigraphic or climatic significance provided the basis for a more detailed description of the Ferdynandovian flora, afterwards compared with other stratigraphically corresponding Polish and European early Middle Pleistocene floras.The composition of characteristic taxa also was used for comparisons between two bimodal interglacial sequences, namely the Ferdynandovian (correlated with MIS 13-15) and Augustovian (correlated with MIS 19-21), and the Domuratovian succession (correlated with MIS 17).

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“…The following description is based on information taken from the literature (Arber 1914(Arber , 1920Daumann 1931;Clapham et al 1962;Kornatowski 1979;Cook and Urmi-König 1983;Charleton and Posluszny 1999) supplemented with observations on the Ontario population in the Trent River.…”

Section: Species Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fruit is a berry-like capsule, ovoid or somewhat barrel-shaped, tapering to a cone-like apex, outer pericarp thick, leathery, brownish-green to green, with 12-24 seeds, locules filled with mucilage. Seeds cylindrical, often curved at the micropylar end with a more or less pronounced beak, 5.8-10.6 mm long, 2-3.1 mm wide (Beijerinck 1947;Cook and Urmi-König 1983;Smolders et al 1995b), brown to ochre-coloured, translucent with mucilaginous hairs when fresh, woody and ribbed or smooth and shiny when dry.…”

Section: Species Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is a fossil record of more than a dozen species in geological strata dating from the Middle Eocene to the Pleistocene, some recent fossils, such as Folliculites neuwirthianus Massalongo and Paradoxocarpus carinatus Nehring, showing a close affinity to the modern species (Collinson 1983;Cook and Urmi-König 1983;Galka 2010;Wacnik et al 2011). With the exception of the discovery of S. tuberculatus in Pliocene deposits from Portugal, all known fossil species have been found within the Eurasian geographical area where S. aloides is considered native.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Biology of invasive alien plants in Canada. 13. Stratiotes aloides L.

Snyder¹,

Francis

Darbyshire

2016

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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The freshwater aquatic plant species Stratiotes aloides (water soldier) is native to Europe and central Asia, where it occurs in seasonally pleustonic or submergent populations. It has been imported into and cultivated in Canada as an ornamental plant. Recently it has been found escaped or persisting at five locations in south-central Ontario. A large population has established in the Trent River where it was likely present for several years prior to its discovery in 2008. The tendency of S. aloides to form dense floating mats can alter aquatic communities through competition and allelopathy, and is likely to inhibit navigation and recreational activities in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence drainage system should it spread more widely in eastern North America. In Europe it is often abundant in ditches where it impedes flow and increases sedimentation. Moderate success at control has been achieved using herbicides (diquat) in the Trent River population, but manual removal has been inefficient. In spite of these control efforts, the plant is continuing to spread vegetatively downstream. An integrated management plan has been proposed to address its control by: (i) prevention of new introductions (pathway restriction); (ii) early detection and rapid response (newly established or found populations); and, (iii) eradication of known populations.Key words: Stratiotes aloides, water soldier, STTAL, Hydrocharitaceae, environmental weed, aquatic invasive plant.Résumé : Le faux aloès (Stratiotes aloides) est une plante aquatique d'eau douce originaire d'Europe et d'Asie centrale, où elle forme des peuplements pleustoniques ou immergés durant la belle saison. Importée et cultivée au Canada pour des raisons ornementales, on en a récemment retrouvé des spécimens qui s'étaient échappés, ou persistants, à cinq endroits, dans le centre-sud de l'Ontario. Un peuplement important s'est notamment établi dans la rivière Trent, où il s'est développé, sans doute pendant plusieurs années, avant sa découverte, en 2008. S. aloides a tendance à former d'épais tapis flottants qui peuvent modifier la flore aquatique par concurrence et allélopathie. L'espèce pourrait aussi nuire à la navigation et aux activités de loisir dans le bassin de drainage des Grands Lacs et du Saint-Laurent, si jamais elle parvenait à s'étendre davantage dans l'est de l'Amérique du Nord. En Europe, on la trouve souvent en abondance dans les fossés, dont elle freine l'écoulement tout en accroissant la sédimentation. L'application d'herbicides (diquat) au peuplement de la rivière Trent a connu un succès mitigé, le désherbage manuel s'étant avéré inefficace. Malgré ces efforts, la plante continue de se multiplier de façon végétative en aval. On envisage un plan de lutte intégrée pour en venir à bout (i) en empêchant de nouvelles introductions (restriction des voies d'accès), (ii) par un dépistage et une intervention rapides (peuplements récemment établis ou découverts), et (iii) en détruisant les peuplements connus. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés : Stratiot...

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A revision of the genus Stratiotes (hydrocharitaceae)

Cited by 56 publications

References 25 publications

Allelopathic activity of Stratiotes aloides on phytoplankton—towards identification of allelopathic substances

Allelopathic activity of Stratiotes aloides on phytoplankton—towards identification of allelopathic substances

Vegetation of the Ferdynandovian interglacial (MIS 13–15) based on plant macrofossils from a new profile of the stratotype site

Biology of invasive alien plants in Canada. 13. Stratiotes aloides L.

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