A revision of the genus Elodea (Hydrocharitaceae)

Cook, Christopher D.K.; Urmi-König, Katharina

doi:10.1016/0304-3770(85)90084-1

Cited by 115 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…St. John, in particular, is still spreading over Europe and is found in many waterbodies. Waterweeds are competitive, well adapted to a broad array of environmental conditions (Cook and Urmi-König 1985;Simpson 1990), and contain allelochemicals that are active against competing algae and cyanobacteria (Erhard and Gross 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Defense in Elodea nuttallii Reduces Feeding and Growth of Aquatic Herbivorous Lepidoptera

2007

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The submersed macrophyte Elodea nuttallii (Hydrocharitaceae) is invasive in Europe and frequently found in aquatic plant communities. Many invertebrate herbivores, such as larvae of the generalist aquatic moth, Acentria ephemerella (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), avoid feeding on E. nuttallii and preferably consume native species. First instar larvae exhibited a high mortality on E. nuttallii compared to the native macrophyte Potamogeton perfoliatus. Mortality of older larvae was also high when fed E. nuttallii exposed to high light intensities. Growth of older larvae was strongly reduced on E. nuttallii compared to pondweeds (Potamogeton lucens). Neither differences in nitrogen nor phosphorus content explained the different performance on these submerged macrophytes, but plants differed in their flavonoid content. To investigate whether plant-derived allelochemicals from E. nuttallii affect larval performance in the same way as live plants, we developed a functional bioassay, in which Acentria larvae were reared on artificial diets. We offered larvae Potamogeton leaf disks coated with crude Elodea extracts and partially purified flavonoids. Elodea extracts deterred larvae from feeding on otherwise preferred Potamogeton leaves, and yet, unknown compounds in the extracts reduced growth and survival of Acentria. The flavonoid fraction containing luteolin-7-O-diglucuronide, apigenin-7-O-diglucuronide, and chrysoeriol-7-O-diglucuronide strongly reduced feeding of larvae, but did not increase mortality. The concentrations of these compounds in our assays were 0.01-0.09% of plant dry mass, which is in the lower range of concentrations found in the field (0.02-1.2%). Chemical defense in E. nuttallii thus plays an ecologically relevant role in this aquatic plant-herbivore system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Defense in Elodea nuttallii Reduces Feeding and Growth of Aquatic Herbivorous Lepidoptera

2007

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“…Th e study species, the Canadian waterweed Elodea canadensis Michaux, is a member of the family Hydrocharitaceae (Simpson 1984, Cook andUrmi-König 1985). Elodea canadensis is a submerged aquatic plant which is native only in the New World.…”

Section: Th E Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elodea canadensis is a submerged aquatic plant which is native only in the New World. Th e species occurs in inland lakes, ponds and slowly moving waters in rivers, streams and canals (Cook and Urmi-König 1985). It prefers cool water temperatures (tolerance ranging between 10-25°C), and calcium-rich eutrophic water (pH 6.5-10).…”

Section: Th E Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In northern Europe it grows mainly in relatively fi rm, nutrient-rich sediments with a high mineral content (Weidema 2000). Elodea canadensis is able to form dense single-species stands and become a dominant species in water 0.1-1.5 m deep (Cook andUrmi-König 1985, Kozhova andIzhboldina 1993). It tolerates relatively high levels of light, but not frost.…”

Section: Th E Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting distribution patterns and recent northward range shift of an invasive aquatic plant: Elodea canadensis in Europe

Heikkinen¹,

Leikola²,

Fronzek³

et al. 2009

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Climate data and distribution data for the Canadian waterweed Elodea canadensis Michx. from North America, whole Europe and Finland were used to investigate the ability of bioclimatic envelope models to predict the distribution range and recent northward range shift of the species in Europe. Four diff erent main types of models were developed using the North American data, including either three 'baseline' climate variables (growing degrees days, temperature of the coldest month, water balance) or an extended set of seven climate variables, both averaged either over a 30 year time slice or a longer 90 year time slice. Ten diff erent random selections of pseudo-absences were generated from the North American data, on the basis of which ten separate generalized additive models (GAMs) were developed for each main model type. All the 40 developed GAMs were applied fi rst to North America and then transferred to whole Europe and Finland. All the models showed a statistically highly signifi cant accuracy in the three study areas. Although the diff erences among the four main model types were only minor, the two extended model types showed on average statistically better performance than the two baseline models based on Bayesian information criterion (BIC) values, the amount of deviance explained by the models, resubstitution validation and four-fold cross-validation in North America. Th ey also provided slightly more accurate predictions of climatically suitable area for Elodea canadensis in Finland both in 1961-1984 and 1985-2006. However, the projections from the individual extended models were more variable than projections from the baseline models. Th us model predictions based on a variety of predictor variables but only one selection of pseudo- Heikkinen et al. / BioRisk 2: 1-32 (2009) 2 absences may be subject to biases, and outputs from multiple models should be investigated to better account for uncertainties in modelling. Overall, our results suggest that more attention should be paid to the careful selection of predictor variables and the use of multiple pseudo-absence sets in the ecological niche modelling in order to increase the reliability of the projections of the range shifts of invasive species. RESEARCH ARTICLE A peer-reviewed open-access journal Biodiversity & Ecosystem Risk Assessment

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“…and Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) St. John, did not produce any seeds in their introduced range in Europe (Cook and Urmi-Ko¨nig, 1985). But even though seed production is absent among invasive alien submerged species in Europe, these species became invasive in their alien range, for which highly effective vegetative dispersal was the key factor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of water nutrients on regeneration capacity of submerged aquatic plant fragments

Kuntz

Heidbüchel

Hussner

2014

Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim.

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-Aquatic plants play a substantial role in almost all freshwater habitats throughout the world. Even though submerged aquatic plants dominantly spread by the dispersal of vegetative plant fragments, most aquatic plant species show a broad distribution range. Here we studied the differences in the regeneration capacity and the regeneration type of fragments (by root and/or shoot growth) of eight submerged plant species (Ceratophyllum demersum, Egeria najas, Elodea canadensis, Elodea nuttallii, Hydrilla verticillata, Myriophyllum aquaticum, Myriophyllum heterophyllum and Myriophyllum spicatum) under different water nutrients in sediment-free conditions. Overall, M. spicatum showed the highest regeneration (82 ¡ 2%) in this study, followed by C. demersum (73 ¡ 2%) and M. aquaticum (47 ¡ 4%), whereas M. heterophyllum showed the lowest (1 ¡ 1%). The shoot fragments of E. canadensis, H. verticillata, E. najas and E. nuttallii regenerated by 40 ¡ 2, 23 ¡ 2, 16 ¡ 2 and 7 ¡ 1%. The nitrate concentration affected the regeneration capacities of E. najas (P = 0.05), M. spicatum (P = 0.013) and C. demersum (P = 0.001), whereas phosphate had no significant effect. Additionally, the different nutrient concentrations had a significant effect on the portion of the regeneration types within E. canadensis, E. nuttallii and H. verticillata. Summarizing, submerged plants differ significantly in their regeneration capacity, and water nutrients have a potential effect on the regeneration of submerged plant fragments. This might influence the further colonization and spread of the species under field conditions.

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A revision of the genus Elodea (Hydrocharitaceae)

Cited by 115 publications

References 27 publications

Chemical Defense in Elodea nuttallii Reduces Feeding and Growth of Aquatic Herbivorous Lepidoptera

Chemical Defense in Elodea nuttallii Reduces Feeding and Growth of Aquatic Herbivorous Lepidoptera

Predicting distribution patterns and recent northward range shift of an invasive aquatic plant: Elodea canadensis in Europe

Effects of water nutrients on regeneration capacity of submerged aquatic plant fragments

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