A revision of the Dulcamaroid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae)

Knapp, Sandra

doi:10.3897/phytokeys.22.4041

Cited by 62 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(162 reference statements)

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“…In his Solanorum synopsis (Dunal 1816), he maintained this group, adding to it taxa described by himself and others, most of which (with the exception of S. quadrangulare Thunb. = S. africanum Mill., a member of the Dulcamaroid clade, see Knapp 2013) are still considered related. Dumortier (1827) used this group for his conspectus of the Belgian species, but with Dunal’s spelling changed to “Morella”.…”

Section: History Taxonomy and Relationships Of The Morelloid Cladementioning

confidence: 99%

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A revision of the Old World Black Nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)

Särkinen¹,

Poczai²,

Barboza³

et al. 2018

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126

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The Morelloid clade, also known as the black nightshades or “Maurella” (Morella), is one of the 10 major clades within Solanum L. The pantropical clade consists of 75 currently recognised non-spiny herbaceous and suffrutescent species with simple or branched hairs with or without glandular tips, with a centre of distribution in the tropical Andes. A secondary centre of diversity is found in Africa, where a set of mainly polyploid taxa occur. A yet smaller set of species is found in Australasia and Europe, including Solanum nigrum L., the type of the genus Solanum. Due to the large number of published synonyms, combined with complex morphological variation, our understanding of species limits and diversity in the Morelloid clade has remained poor despite detailed morphological studies carried out in conjunction with breeding experiments. Here we provide the first taxonomic overview since the 19th century of the entire group in the Old World, including Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and islands of the Pacific. Complete synonymy, morphological descriptions, distribution maps and common names and uses are provided for all 19 species occurring outside the Americas (i.e. Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and islands of the Pacific). We treat 12 species native to the Old World, as well as 7 taxa that are putatively introduced and/or invasive in the region. The current knowledge of the origin of the polyploid species is summarised. A key to all of the species occurring in the Old World is provided, together with line drawings and colour figures to aid identification both in herbaria and in the field. Preliminary conservation assessments are provided for all species.

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Section: History Taxonomy and Relationships Of The Morelloid Cladementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stern et al 2011) and provided taxonomic revisions for major clades with keys for species identification (e.g. Knapp 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A revision of the Old World Black Nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)

Särkinen¹,

Poczai²,

Barboza³

et al. 2018

Self Cite

126

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“…After Bohs (2005), its morphological synapomorphies include: vining habit in many taxa, presence of unbranched, dendritic, or echinoid hairs, 3-to many-foliate sympodial units, and fruits without stone cell aggregates. The Dulcamaroid clade is also distributed worldwide (Eurasia and the Americas) with its centre of diversity in the Andes and southeastern Brazil (Knapp 2013); it includes entities from D'Arcy's three subgenera (1991). Some morphological features of this clade are: herbaceous or weakly woody habit, 2-to 3-foliate sympodial units, pubescent filaments and styles in many taxa, and small stone cell aggregates in the fruits (Bohs 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Karyotypes of South American species of the Morelloid and Dulcamaroid clades (Solanum, Solanaceae)

2013

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A karyotypic study on South American representatives of the Morelloid and Dulcamaroid clades of Solanum was conducted to contribute to a better understanding of their relationships. Mitotic chromosomes of 26 species were examined (13 of which were previously unknown). All taxa presented 2n = 2x = 24 and had small chromosomes (less than 4 μm long) with the exception of S. crispum. Most species displayed symmetrical karyotypes, being 78% and 69% m, 19% and 25% sm and 3% and 6% st for the Morelloid and Dulcamaroid clades, respectively. Solanum crispum (Dulcamaroid clade) was unique by having mostly sm chromosomes and S. sinuatirecurvum (Morelloid clade) stood out with four st pairs and an exclusive pair of satellites in long arms. Solanum tripartitum was the sole entity exhibiting an sm pair with satellites. Most examined species of these clades resulted karyologically indistinguishable, based on conventionally stained mitotic chromosomes. Molecular analyses are needed to gain a better knowledge of the possible karyoevolutionary trends of both clades.

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“…Among them, the Morelloid and Dulcamaroid clades are closely related and considered as sister groups (Bohs 2005;Weese & Bohs 2007). Their delimitation and phylogeny have been recently studied showing that both have problems in the species delimitation (Knapp 2013;Särkinen et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The clade is Cosmopolitan with its center of diversity in the Andes and SE Brazil (Knapp 2013). The infrageneric traditional groups are not monophyletic and their taxonomic history is complex (Knapp 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterochromatin and rDNA patterns in Solanum species of the Morelloid and Dulcamaroid clades (Solanaceae)

Moyetta

Urdampilleta

Chiarini

et al. 2016

Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all As

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The heterochromatin distribution and the position of 18-5.8-26S, and 5S rDNA loci were determined in 13 species of Solanum of the Morelloid and Dulcamaroid clades. The CMA/DAPI staining and FISH were employed. Two types of constitutive heterochromatin were determined: CMA + /DAPI − associated to NOR and CMA + /DAPI − distributed as terminal bands. In the Morelloid clade, CMA + /DAPI − bands were found in five species while in the Dulcamaroid clade, only S. angustifidum presented this feature. In the Morelloid clade, two to four 18-5.8-26S rDNA loci occupied terminal positions and two rDNA 5S loci were found with variable positions (terminal, intercalary, and centromeric). In the Dulcamaroid clade, two terminal 18-5.8-26S rDNA loci were detected with the exception of S. salicifolium which possessed four such loci and two to four 5S rDNA loci. Solanum crispum is the only species possessing the 5S in synteny with 18-5.8-26S rDNA loci. Karyotype features chromosome banding pattern as well as the location of ribosomal genes which varied among the species, reflecting the chromosome differentiation and evolutionary divergence. The findings obtained contributed to the development of tools that can be used for establishing chromosomic homeologies among species and hence to clarify their taxonomic relationships.

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A revision of the Dulcamaroid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae)

Cited by 62 publications

References 72 publications

A revision of the Old World Black Nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)

A revision of the Old World Black Nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)

Karyotypes of South American species of the Morelloid and Dulcamaroid clades (Solanum, Solanaceae)

Heterochromatin and rDNA patterns in Solanum species of the Morelloid and Dulcamaroid clades (Solanaceae)

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