A revision of <I>Cenchrus</I> incl. <I>Pennisetum</I> (<I>Gramineae</I>) in Malesia with some general nomenclatural notes

Abstract

InTRoduCTIonCenchrus L. s.s. (Gramineae) long has been regarded as closely related to Pennisetum Rich., differing mainly by the usually retrorsely barbed bristles at least basally connate and the chromosomal allopolyploid base number x = 17 (8 + 9). Donadio et al. (2009) found that Cenchrus is nested in Pennisetum. Morrone in Chemisquy et al. (2010) made the 'necessary' new combinations in Cenchrus, apparently more induced by the molecular 'evidence' than the nomenclatural stability of the majority of the species. CenchrusLinnaeus (1753) described five species in Cenchrus (Grami neae). He (1742) arbitrarily used Cenchrus for what had been described as Panicastrella P.Micheli (1729) and included species that now belong to three different subfamilies: the ChloridoideaeCynodonteae, PanicoideaePaniceae, and PooideaePoeae.The name is derived from the ancient Greek κεγχρ(ι)ος, Cen chrus. This is the classical Greek name for millet, Panicum miliaceum L. Lunell (1915) Cenchrus and Pennisetum have always been regarded as closely related. Cenchrus would differ mainly by the usually retrorsely barbed bristles at least basally connate and the chromosomal allopolyploid base number x = 17 (8 + 9). Chrtek & Osbornova (1996) have proposed a complicated subdivision of Cenchrus, where e.g. C. ciliaris L. and C. setigerus Vahl are in two different subgenera. Martel et al. (2004: 139) found the only Cenchrus they included, C. ciliaris, to nest within Pennisetum. As the generic position of this species has been contentious, this only supports the notion that it belongs in Pennisetum s.s. (Briquet et al. 1905: 73). TragusTragus was published by Haller (1768) without a specific combination, but clearly referring to C. racemosus L. The combination was made by Allioni (1785: 241)

Development of molecular markers for invasive alien plants in Korea: a case study of a toxic weed, Cenchrus longispinus L., based on next generation sequencing data

“…3). Previously, different studies revealed the close relationship between Cenchrus and Pennisetum and the merge of Pennisetum to Cenchrus was also suggested (Chemisquy et al, 2010; Veldkamp, 2014). In this study, the relationship between Pennisetum and Cenchrus was not checked due to the lack of complete cpDNA sequences of Pennisetum .…”

Ehrharta longiflora Sm. and Pennisetum setaceum (Forsk.) Chiov., two new alien grasses for Madeira Island (Portugal)

“…Based on Cope (1994), Veldkamp (2014) and Clayton (1980), we suggest a new key for the identification of Pennisetum species presents on Madeira archipelago.…”

“…Pennisetum clandestinum, was included in a separate genus -Kikuyuochloa H. Scholz (Scholz, 2006), but included in Cenchrus by other authors (Verloove 2012;Veldkamp 2014). The taxonomic and nomenclatural criteria adopted here follow Jardim and Menezes de Sequeira (2008).…”

Cenchrus pseudotriticoides (Poaceae: Panicoideae), a resilient pyrophyte grass from Central Madagascar

“…The type material of Panicum triticoides Poir. (Poiret 1816: 274) has still not been located following the search last conducted by Veldkamp (2014)…”

“…are both ecologically significant across the tropics, characterised by bristles surrounding and subtending each spikelet, the whole structure deciduous as a unit (Clayton & Renvoize 1986). It has become increasingly clear that traditionally delimited Cenchrus originated from within Pennisetum, and both are now placed in the expanded genus Cenchrus in the Poaceae subfamily Panicoideae, tribe Paniceae, subtribe Cenchrinae (Chemisquy et al 2010;Veldkamp 2014;Kellogg 2015;Soreng et al 2017). Ten species of the united genus Cenchrus are listed for Madagascar by Bosser (1969), not including the cultivated crop pearl millet Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone (formerly Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.).…”