A revised taxonomic and phylogenetic concept for the planktonic foraminifer species Globigerinoides ruber based on molecular and morphometric evidence

Aurahs, Ralf; Treis, Yvonne; Darling, Kate; Kučera, Michal

doi:10.1016/j.marmicro.2010.12.001

Cited by 121 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…For example, fifty-four cryptic species have been identified among nine modern planktonic foraminiferal morphospecies commonly used for paleoceanographic reconstructions (Kucera and Darling, 2002;Darling and Wade, 2008;Morard et al, 2013). Several studies suggest that cryptic species can differ in their ecological preferences (Huber et al, 1997;Darling et al, 1999;de Vargas et al, 1999de Vargas et al, , 2003Stewart et al, 2001;Kuroyanagi and Kawahata, 2004;Morard et al, 2009Morard et al, , 2013Aurahs et al, 2011) and emphasize the importance of distinguishing between genotypes for paleoceanographic reconstructions (Kucera and Darling, 2002). Based on these findings, it is likely that a morphotype/genotype "lumping" approach for geochemical, morphometric and distribution analyses introduces a significant amount of noise into paleoclimate records.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, some genetically distinct variants of Globigerinoides ruber (Type IIa and Type Pink) can be differentiated easily based on differences in chamber morphometrics and pigmentation (Aurahs et al, 2011). Some cryptic species, however, are not distinguished from one another based on easily identifiable morphological differences (Knowlton, 1993).…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphometric and stable isotopic differentiation of Orbulina universa morphotypes from the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela

Marshall

Thunell

Spero

et al. 2015

Marine Micropaleontology

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Biometric characteristics of Orbulina universa (d'Orbigny) were used to differentiate two morphotypes present in sediment trap samples collected from the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela. Specifically, wall thickness and weight-area relationships were used to separate shells into thin (M thin ) and thick (M thick ) morphotypes. M thick (mean thickness = 19-41 μm) comprises 75% of the total O. universa in these samples and has morphometric characteristics similar to that of the previously described Type I Caribbean genotype, whereas M thin (mean thickness = 6-22 μm) is comparable to the Type III Mediterranean genotype. The flux of M thick increases during periods of upwelling, whereas M thin flux shows no systematic relationship with changing hydrographic regimes in the basin. The δ 18O and δ 13 C of M thick are on average 0.34‰ higher and 0.38‰ lower, respectively, than those of M thin , suggesting that they calcify their final spherical chamber at different depths in the water column and/or differ in their vital effects on shell geochemistry. Additionally, the absolute offset in the stable isotopic compositions of the two morphotypes varies as a function of surface ocean stratification. During periods of upwelling, the δ

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Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric and stable isotopic differentiation of Orbulina universa morphotypes from the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela

Marshall

Thunell

Spero

et al. 2015

Marine Micropaleontology

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“…The second challenge is that a number of studies have presented molecular evidence that morphospecies generally contain multiple "cryptic" genotypes that correspond to distinct biological species (30,35,49). Whereas these findings lend further support to the argument that Foraminifera morphospecies are reproductively isolated (assumption i), the existence of cryptic biological species limits what can be inferred from morphospecies-level data.…”

Section: Evaluating Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the role of cladogenesis in macroevolution by integrating fossil and molecular evidence

Strotz

Allen

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Assessing the extent to which population subdivision during cladogenesis is necessary for long-term phenotypic evolution is of fundamental importance in a broad range of biological disciplines. Differentiating cladogenesis from anagenesis, defined as evolution within a species, has generally been hampered by dating precision, insufficient fossil data, and difficulties in establishing a direct link between morphological changes detectable in the fossil record and biological species. Here we quantify the relative frequencies of cladogenesis and anagenesis for macroperforate planktic Foraminifera, which arguably have the most complete fossil record currently available, to address this question. Analyzing this record in light of molecular evidence, while taking into account the precision of fossil dating techniques, we estimate that the fraction of speciation events attributable to anagenesis is <19% during the Cenozoic era (last 65 Myr) and <10% during the Neogene period (last 23 Myr). Our central conclusion-that cladogenesis is the predominant mode by which new planktic Foraminifera taxa become established at macroevolutionary time scales-differs markedly from the conclusion reached in a recent study based solely on fossil data. These disparate findings demonstrate that interpretations of macroevolutionary dynamics in the fossil record can be fundamentally altered in light of genetic evidence. anagenesis, which occurs within a species, and cladogenesis, which occurs during speciation and results in the subdivision of a species into two reproductively isolated, independently evolving taxa (1, 2). Distinguishing between these modes is essential to determining the role of population subdivision in evolutionary dynamics (3,4). This topic has received considerable attention in paleontology (1, 2), perhaps because the fossil record provides the only direct record of long-term morphological change (5), but its importance extends to other biological disciplines. For example, in population genetics, models only predict that phenotypic change is contingent upon or associated with the evolution of reproductive isolation under specific circumstances (3). Thus, a primary role for cladogenesis may highlight the importance of particular speciation modes (2), metapopulations dynamics (6), or adaptive peaks in fitness landscapes (7,8). In community ecology, both evolutionary modes may influence biodiversity, but the mechanisms differ: only cladogenesis results in an increase in diversity (9-11), but anagenesis may help maintain diversity if it results in niche differences that facilitate species coexistence (12, 13).Remarkably few studies have attempted to quantify the relative frequencies of anagenesis and cladogenesis for entire species assemblages (e.g., refs. 5, 14, 15). Addressing this question is challenging due to insufficient fossil data for most taxa and the difficulties in relating morphological change to genetic divergence and the evolution of reproductive isolation (16). Fossil data can only be used to distinguish anag...

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“…Since the development of DNA extraction methods which leave the calcite shell intact, the DNA sequences can be directly associated with the morphology of the same individual, establishing a definitive link between genetic diversity and subtle morphological variability (e.g., Morard et al, 2009Morard et al, , 2011Quillévéré et al, 2013). In some cases, the combination of genetics and morphology has even led to a revision of the original morphological taxonomy (Darling et al, 2006;Aurahs et al, 2011;Weiner et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodology for Single-Cell Genetic Analysis of Planktonic Foraminifera for Studies of Protist Diversity and Evolution

et al. 2016

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Single-cell genetic analysis is an essential method to investigate the biodiversity and evolutionary ecology of marine protists. In protist groups that do not reproduce under laboratory conditions, this approach provides the only means to directly associate molecular sequences with cell morphology. The resulting unambiguous taxonomic identification of the DNA sequences is a prerequisite for barcoding and analyses of environmental metagenomic data. Extensive single-cell genetic studies have been carried out on planktonic foraminifera over the past 20 years to elucidate their phylogeny, cryptic diversity, biogeography, and the relationship between genetic and morphological variability. In the course of these investigations, it has become evident that genetic analysis at the individual specimen level is confronted by innumerable challenges ranging from the negligible amount of DNA present in the single cell to the substantial amount of DNA contamination introduced by endosymbionts or food particles. Consequently, a range of methods has been developed and applied throughout the years for the genetic analysis of planktonic foraminifera in order to enhance DNA amplification success rates. Yet, the description of these methods in the literature rarely occurred with equivalent levels of detail and the different approaches have never been compared in terms of their efficiency and reproducibility. Here, aiming at a standardization of methods, we provide a comprehensive review of all methods that have been employed for the single-cell genetic analysis of planktonic foraminifera. We compile data on success rates of DNA amplification and use these to evaluate the effects of key parameters associated with the methods of sample collection, storage and extraction of single-cell DNA. We show that the chosen methods influence the success rates of single-cell genetic studies, but the differences between them are not sufficient to hinder comparisons Weiner et al.Single-Cell Genetic Analysis of Foraminifera between studies carried out by different methods. The review thus not only provides a comprehensive reference with guidelines for future genetic studies on foraminifera, but it also establishes an important benchmark for investigations using existing single-cell datasets. The methods are widely applicable and the review may help to establish similar standard principles for their utilization in other protist groups.

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A revised taxonomic and phylogenetic concept for the planktonic foraminifer species Globigerinoides ruber based on molecular and morphometric evidence

Cited by 121 publications

References 42 publications

Morphometric and stable isotopic differentiation of Orbulina universa morphotypes from the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela

Morphometric and stable isotopic differentiation of Orbulina universa morphotypes from the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela

Assessing the role of cladogenesis in macroevolution by integrating fossil and molecular evidence

Methodology for Single-Cell Genetic Analysis of Planktonic Foraminifera for Studies of Protist Diversity and Evolution

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