A revised subgeneric classification of Trillium (Parideae, Melanthiaceae)

Lampley, Jayne; Gereau, Roy E.; Floden, Aaron; Schilling, Edward E.

doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.552.5.1

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…All species of Trillium produce a solitary, three‐parted flower and are broadly classified into two groups that include the pedicellate Trillium , where the flower is born on a pedicel (peduncle), and the sessile Trillium , where the flower lacks a pedicel. The sessile Trillium form a distinct clade, subgenus Sessilia (Lampley et al, 2021; Lampley et al, 2022), and only occur in eastern and western North America.…”

Section: Trait T a Subsp Albidum T A Subsp Parviflorum T Angustipetal...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic insights from floral scents of western North American sessile‐flowered Trillium

Wayman,

Reilly,

Petlewski

2023

American J of Botany

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PremiseChemical composition of floral volatiles can be an important complement to morphological characters in describing and identifying species. Four of the five species of western sessile‐flowered Trillium are challenging to distinguish morphologically due to wide intraspecific variation and overlapping characters among taxa. Characterizing their floral volatile compositions could aid future taxonomic, ecological, and evolutionary studies of Trillium and related taxa. We addressed two major questions: How do western sessile Trillium taxa vary in floral chemistry? Can floral scent be used to distinguish species?MethodsWe collected petals from 600 individuals at 42 wild populations of four sessile Trillium species across California, Oregon, and Washington. Volatile organic compounds from the petals were extracted using solid‐phase microextraction, and the volatiles were identified and quantified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The utility of floral scent composition in distinguishing species was tested using nonmetric multidimensional scaling and random forest analysis.ResultsFloral volatiles of the white‐petaled T. albidum were dominated by oxygenated monoterpenes and showed considerable geographic variation that paralleled morphological variation. The maroon‐petaled T. angustipetalum and T. kurabayashii produced floral scents characterized by aliphatic esters, but each had a distinct chemical composition. Petal color of Trillium chloropetalum is highly variable, as were its scent compositions, which were blends of volatiles from both white‐petaled and maroon‐petaled congeneric taxa.ConclusionsDifferences in floral scent compositions are consistent with current taxonomy of the western sessile Trillium group. In cases where species delimitations are difficult based on morphology, floral scent composition provides taxonomic insight and suggests a potential hybrid origin for T. chloropetalum.

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Section: Trait T a Subsp Albidum T A Subsp Parviflorum T Angustipetal...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic insights from floral scents of western North American sessile‐flowered Trillium

Wayman,

Reilly,

Petlewski

2023

American J of Botany

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Exploring geography and evolutionary history as drivers of variation in floral scent chemistry in western sessile-flowered Trillium using parsimony-constrained phylogenetics

Blanco-Moreno,

Wayman,

Tomescu

2024

Annals of Botany

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Background and Aims The sessile-flowered Trillium species from western North America have been challenging to distinguish morphologically due to overlapping characters and intraspecific variation. Molecular phylogenetic analyses, currently inconclusive for this group, have not sampled multiple populations of the different species to account for this. Here, we query the diversity of floral volatile composition to understand its bearings on the taxonomy, distribution and evolution of this group. Methods We explored taxonomic and geographic patterns in average floral volatile composition (105 different compounds) among 42 wild populations of four sessile-flowered Trillium species and the outgroup, Pseudotrillium, in California, Oregon and Washington by means of parsimony-constrained phylogenetic analyses. To assess the influence of character construction, we coded compound abundance in three different ways for the phylogenetic analyses and compared the results with those of statistical analyses using the same dataset and previously published statistical analyses. Key Results Different codings of floral volatile composition generated different phylogenetic topologies with different levels of resolution. The different phylogenies provide similar answers to taxonomic questions but support different evolutionary histories. Monophyly of most populations of each taxon suggests that floral scent composition bears phylogenetic signal in the western sessile-flowered Trillium. Lack of correlation between the distribution of populations and their position in scent-based phylogenies does not support a geographic signal in floral scent composition. Conclusions Floral scent composition is a valuable data source for generating phylogenetic hypotheses. The way scent composition is coded into characters is important. The phylogenetic patterns supported by floral volatile compounds are incongruent with previously reported phylogenies of the western sessile-flowered Trillium obtained using molecular or morphological data. Combining floral scent data with gene sequence data and detailed morphological data from multiple populations of each species in future studies is needed for understanding the evolutionary history of western sessile-flowered Trillium.

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