A Revised Phylogeny of Discocerinini (Diptera: Ephydridae) with an Emphasis on Structures of the Proboscis

A revision of the shore-fly genus Lamproclasiopa Hendel (Diptera, Ephydridae)

“…Zatwarnicki and Mathis 2001: 5-51 [tribal revision]. Zatwarnicki et al 2016: 1-34 [phylogenetic review of tribe]. …”

“…Male terminalia: Epandrium as inverted U, encircling cerci, anterior margin rounded, in lateral view with setae mainly on dorsum and along anteroventral margin; cerci paired, hemispherical, setose; presurstylus lacking or fused indistinguishably with ventral margin of epandrium; anterolateral arms of epandrium attached with ventral apex of gonites, middle of posterior margin a base for phallapodeme; phallapodeme situated under aedeagus, associated with hypandrium and with ventral part of base of aedeagus, ventral margin with lobate appendix providing attachment for genital muscles that move aedeagus; gonite paired, connecting sides of base of aedeagus and laterodorsal margin of epandrium, bearing 1 or some setulae; aedeagus tubular, tapered anteriorly; ejaculatory apodeme usually lacking, if present as a spatula (Zatwarnicki et al 2016, Figs 99–100). …”

“…Several of the characters noted in the diagnosis are synapomorphies and establish the tribe’s monophyly (Zatwarnicki et al 2016). These are as follows: (1) ocellar setae inserted slightly in front of alignment of anterior ocellus; (2) reclinate fronto-orbital seta inserted in front of proclinate fronto-orbital seta; (3) conical process of basal flagellomere in lateral view finger-like; (4) prescutellar acrostichal setae small and inserted close together and behind the transverse alignment of the posteriormost dorsocentral setae (secondarily lacking in some species); and (5) presurstylus of the male terminalia either lacking or fused indistinguishably with the ventral margin of the epandrium.…”

“…Many of the undescribed species are already in collections, and undoubtedly numerous others await collection. With the recent phylogenetic review of the tribe (Zatwarnicki et al 2016) and description of additional genera and subgenera, there are now 13 genera and two subgenera. Two genera are monotypic and have relatively localized distributions: Galaterina in the Solomon and Andaman Islands and Pectinifer limited to the Neotropics (Mathis et al 2016).…”

“…Over half of the included species (13 of 24 species) were undescribed previous to this paper, and the genus has never been treated comprehensively. We also document in this revision how the nomenclatural history of the genus is reflective of changing concepts in classification that resulted from an improved understanding of the tribal phylogeny (Zatwarnicki and Mathis 2001, Zatwarnicki et al 2016). …”