A Revised Factor Structure for the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale

Kontos, Anthony P.; Elbin, R.J.; Schatz, Philip; Covassin, Tracey; Henry, Luke C.; Pardini, Jamie E.; Collins, Michael W.

doi:10.1177/0363546512455400

Cited by 345 publications

(290 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Also at initial consultation, all patients completed the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS), a symptom inventory consisting of 22 symptoms that are rated on a 7-point (0-6) Likert scale with a maximum score of (6 × 22) = 132. 26 Patients were asked to rate their symptoms according to how they felt at the time they completed the PCSS inventory.…”

Section: Clinical Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vestibulo-ocular dysfunction in pediatric sports-related concussion

Ellis

Cordingley

Vis

et al. 2015

PED

146

130

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OBJECT The objective of this study was 2-fold: 1) to examine the prevalence of vestibulo-ocular dysfunction (VOD) among children and adolescents with acute sports-related concussion (SRC) and postconcussion syndrome (PCS) who were referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program; and 2) to determine if VOD is associated with the development of PCS in this cohort. METHODS The authors conducted a retrospective review of all patients with acute SRC (presenting 30 days or less postinjury) and PCS (3 or more symptoms for at least 1 month) referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program between September 2013 and July 2014. Initial assessment included clinical history, physical examination, and Post-Concussion Symptom Scale assessment. Patients were also assessed for VOD, which was defined as more than one subjective vestibular and oculomotor complaint (dizziness, blurred vision, and so on) and more than one objective physical examination finding (abnormal smooth pursuits, saccades, vestibulo-ocular reflex, and so on). This study was approved by the local institutional ethics review board. RESULTS A total of 101 patients (mean age 14.2 years, SD 2.3 years; 63 male and 38 female patients) participated, including 77 (76.2%) with acute SRC and 24 (23.8%) with PCS. Twenty-two of the 77 patients (28.6%) with acute SRC and 15 of the 24 (62.5%) with PCS met the clinical criteria for VOD. The median duration of symptoms was 40 days (interquartile range [IQR] 28.5–54 days) for patients with acute SRC who had VOD compared with 21 days (IQR 13–32 days) for those without VOD (p = 0.0001). There was a statistically significant increase in the adjusted odds of developing PCS among patients with acute SRC who had VOD compared with those without VOD (adjusted OR 4.10; 95% CI 1.04–16.16). CONCLUSIONS Evidence of VOD was detected in a significant proportion of children and adolescents with acute SRC and PCS who were referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program. This clinical feature was a significant risk factor for the subsequent development of PCS in this pediatric acute SRC cohort.

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Section: Clinical Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vestibulo-ocular dysfunction in pediatric sports-related concussion

Ellis

Cordingley

Vis

et al. 2015

PED

146

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…5,[15][16][17][18][19]21,22,24,25 These scales and checklists can be implemented among a multidisciplinary team by using Rogers Diffusion of Innovation theory. This may help identify obstacles early on for successful implementation of such checklists and scales.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kontos et al 18 investigated the Post Concussive Symptom Scale (PCSS) on high school and collegiate athletes across the United States. The large sample size of 30,455 athletes completed the PCSS scale at baseline.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kontos et al 18 suggest that a PTH can be synergistic affecting other areas of the brain and symptoms to occur. This may explain the pathophysiologic connection between the metabolic crisis and the mismatch of energy and the demands placed on the brain after a concussion.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous research imPACT testing has shown to be 81.9% sensitive and 89.4% specific. 18 Almost half of all athletes tested were determined to have a protracted recovery course.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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