A revised experimental protocol for implementing the actinometry method with the Reinecke’s salt

Abstract

The present short note aims at proposing a revised experimental protocol to implement the actinometry method with Reinecke's salt. It consists in substituting, for the dosing of the thiocyanate anions produced, perchloric acid (HClO 4) by nitric acid (HNO 3), the latter being carefully chosen regarding the chemical equilibria occurring in the aqueous medium and the moderate risks of HNO 3. This substitution has been rigorously validated by carrying out the experiments in a dedicated torus batch photoreactor enabling simple treatment of experimental results from a one-dimensional model.

A revised 1D equivalent model for the determination of incident photon flux density in a continuous-flow LED-driven spiral-shaped microreactor using the actinometry method with Reinecke’s salt

“…For δ = 0.025 m (i.e. in the flat torus reactor used by Rochatte et al [24] and Radjagobalou et al [29]), the ratio ζ remains close to unity, whatever the type of emission. This means that, in this case, and more generally for δ > 0.025 m, the reflection induced by the base plate can be assumed negligible.…”

“…In this paper, the implementation of the Reinecke's salt actinometer system suitable for the visible region was proposed in a LED-driven spiral-shaped microreactor. First, the revised protocol recently developed by Radjagobalou et al [29] was successfully transferred to work under continuous-flow and with different irradiation conditions (three spectral domains, various emitted radiant powers), showing the adequacy of this method for characterizing continuous-flow microphotoreactors. Then, the experiments carried out showed that neither the length of the tubing nor the occurrence of Taylor flows with nitrogen bubbles had an influence on the photodissociation rate in the microfluidic device presented here.…”

“…In the present work, the revised experimental procedure recently proposed by Radjagobalou et al [29] was applied, which consists in substituting nitric acid for the perchloric acid. More details can be found in the Section S.1 of the Supplementary Material.…”

Monte Carlo Analysis-Based CapEx Uncertainty Estimation of New Technologies: The Case of Photochemical Lamps

“…Some of the most recent academic activities have focused on photoredox catalytical systems, − the investigation of interplay between photochemistry and mass transfer, ,− investigation of batch and continuous operation, − including oscillatory flow reactors, , and comparison of photon rate measurements using actinometry and radiometry …”

Azobenzene: a Visible‐Light Chemical Actinometer for the Characterization of Fluidic Photosystems

“…However, clogging of the system at high conversion, difficulty to obtain full absorption condition and the necessity to work under dimmed red light still limited its large implementation. The well‐known Reinecke salt [17–19] and meso ‐diphenylhelianthrene [20] based on respectively photoaquation and photooxidation are communally used in batch nevertheless it implies the use of toxic reactant and tedious manipulations. Another important class of visible light actinometers are thermally‐stable photochromic molecules.…”