A revised classification of Santalales

Abstract

We present here a revised classification of Santalales, an angiosperm order that contains 18 families, 160 genera, and over 2200 species. Both nonparasitic and parasitic flowering plants occur in the traditionally circumscribed family Olacaceae whereas all other families are composed entirely of parasites. The five evolutionary radiations of aerial parasitism produced mistletoes that constitute most of the generic and specific diversity seen in the order. This classification, although based primarily upon results from molecular phylogenetic investigations, brings together all currently available information that contributes to our understanding of relationships among these plants. Monophyletic groups (clades) obtained from molecular analyses were named using a Linnaean ranked system. Four new families are named that formerly resided in Santalaceae s.l.: Amphorogynaceae, Cervantesiaceae, Comandraceae, and Nanodeaceae. A new tribal and subtribal classification for Loranthaceae is presented where nine new subtribe names are proposed.

The generic position ofLoranthus grewingkiiof Lorantheae (Loranthaceae) inferred from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and chloroplasttrnL-Fsequences: A case study onLoranthusin Iran

“…The present results from ITS based on MP analyses confirm the previous findings (Wilson and Calvin 2006;Vidal-Russell and Nickrent 2008;Nickrent et al 2010) Webbia: Journal of Plant Taxonomy and Geography 5 and indicate that subtribe Ileostylinae is strongly supported (BS = 100) as sister to other aerial members of Lorantheae ( Figure 1A). According to results obtained in the previous studies (Vidal-Russell and Nickrent 2008;Nickrent et al 2010), subtribe Ileostylinae with a basic chromosome number of x = 11 was considered as a sister to a clade containing the remaining six subtribes (38 genera) that all have x = 9.…”

“…This report focuses on the two Loranthus species at the base of the Lorantheae clade where bootstrap values are high. Results obtained in this study are generally congruent with recently published molecular analyses (Nickrent et al 2010), but there is weak support for the relationships of some genera with other clades. Hence further investigations are needed in the future to clarify further the generic boundaries in Lorantheae and the relationships among genera.…”

“…contains 600 species but Hegi (1981) considered between 450 and 500 species. Most of the historic species have been transferred to other genera, and 10 species are now considered within the genus (Nickrent et al 2010).…”

“…The subfamilial name Loranthoideae Eaton was used for a taxon equivalent to what is here considered family Loranthaceae by Engler and Krause (1935). Nickrent et al (2010) divided Loranthaceae into five tribes (Lorantheae, Psittacantheae, Elytrantheae, Gaiadendreae and Nuytsieae) and in some cases subtribes. Vidal-Russell and Nickrent (2008) presented the first comprehensive multigene phylogeny (nuclear small and large subunit ribosomal DNA and the chloroplast genes rbcL, matK and trnL-F) for 60 genera of Loranthaceae.…”

Fire-stimulated flowering among resprouters and geophytes in Australia and South Africa

“…9 Evolution of the world's largest species with fsf, Nuytsia floribunda (Loranthaceae), showing it is a 45-My-old relic whose stem, which stretches to 82 Ma, may also have been fire prone. Chronogram from Vidal-Russell and Nickrent (2008), classification of Nickrent et al (2010). italics = condition calculated from a Bayes MCMC analysis (Pagel et al 2004) by Tianhua He (personal communication) susceptible to competition from larger growth forms and arguably will show the greatest benefit from transient resource enhancement after fire.…”