A Review: The Development of SiO2/C Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries are promising energy storage devices used in several sectors, such as transportation, electronic devices, energy, and industry. The anode is one of the main components of a lithium-ion battery that plays a vital role in the cycle and electrochemical performance of a lithium-ion battery, depending on the active material. Recently, SiO 2 has garnered attention for use as an anode in lithium-ion batteries. SiO 2 has a high specific capacity, good cycle stability, abundance, and low-cost processing. However, the high expansion and shrinkage of the SiO 2 volume during lithiation/delithiation, low conductivity, and solid electrolyte interphase formation resulted in damage to the electrode structure and caused a decrease in SiO 2 performance as an anode for a lithium-ion battery. The modified properties of SiO 2 and the use of carbon materials as composites of SiO 2 are effective strategies to overcome these problems. This review focuses on analyzing the role of various carbon materials in composite SiO 2 /C to enhance the performance of SiO 2 materials.

Progress in electrode and electrolyte materials: path to all-solid-state Li-ion batteries

“…Despite the investigation of cathode materials, the anode also plays an effective role in the efficient operation of LIBs [97,98]. The principal characteristics of an anode electrode influence the cell performance parameters, such as, the rate capability, cycle life, energy density, and power density [99]. Before starting the battery fabrication, these characteristic parameters, such as, the conductivity, reducing power, structural defects, chemical/mechanical/thermal stability, morphology, etc., need to be examined to understand how they alter the operational behavior of the cells.…”

“…Different kinds of carbon materials, including amorphous carbon (a-C), graphite, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers, etc., [99,179]. have been investigated to improve the cycling stability of Si active materials.…”

“…100,101 The principal characteristics of the anode influence the cell performance parameters, such as its rate capability, cycle life, energy density, and power density. 102 Before the fabrication of batteries, these characteristic parameters, such as conductivity, reducing power, structural defects, chemical/mechanical/thermal stability, and morphology, need to be examined to understand how they alter the operational behavior of the cells. These parameters need to be optimised to achieve a better electrode performance, simultaneously focusing on improving the overall cell performance.…”

“…Dispersing Si in a carbon matrix has been well-developed in which the carbonaceous materials can buffer the volume change and improve the electrical conductivity of Si active materials. Different types of carbon materials, including amorphous carbon (a-C), graphite, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers, 102,181 have been investigated to improve the cycling stability of Si active materials. The specific capacity, Coulombic efficiency, and scanning rates of C-based anode electrodes are summarized in Table 9.…”

Templated Synthesis of SiO2 Nanotubes for Lithium-Ion Battery Applications: An In Situ (Scanning) Transmission Electron Microscopy Study

“…With the increased demand for long-lasting consumer electronic devices, research on advanced energy-storage materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has exploded in recent years. − One of the most researched and attractive potential LIB anode materials is silicon due to its almost 10-fold higher theoretical capacity (∼3579 mA h/g) over the standard graphite anode material (∼372 mA h/g). − Pure silicon anodes tend to suffer from poor cycling ability due to the pulverization of the crystal structure after repeated charge and discharge cycles owing to the massive volumetric expansion upon lithiation (∼400%) . A possible solution to this issue is the use of amorphous silicon oxide anode instead. − Amorphous SiO 2 has a high theoretical specific capacity of 1965 mA h/g while having no long-range crystal structure to begin with. , With the anode remaining amorphous throughout its lifetime, Li + ions are able to be inserted and removed from the anode without breaking down the material. Among various suitable morphologies of Si-based charge-storage materials, a nanostructured hollow morphology has demonstrated potential as a LIB anode material because of its high volume, low density, and ability to accommodate the large volume changes associated with the Li–Si alloying process.…”