A Review: Synthesis and Medicinal Importance of Nicotinonitriles and Their Analogous

Abstract

The biological, therapeutic, and medicinal properties of nicotinonitriles (cyanopyridines) and its analogues have prompted enormous research aimed at developing synthetic routes to these heterocyles. This review presents a systematic and comprehensive survey of the method of preparation, the chemical reactivity, and biological properties associated with this system.

The Synthesis, Characterization, Cytotoxic Activity Assessment and Structure-Activity Relationship of 4-Aryl-6-(2,5-dichlorothiophen-3-yl)-2-methoxypyridine-3-carbonitriles

“…In conclusion, the structural requirements of pyridine-3-carbonitrile derivatives to enhance their cytotoxic activity against tested cell lines are as follows: (a) the nitrile substituent at position 3 on the pyridine ring is essential for activity and as a basic pharmacophore; (b) the nitro, methoxy and chloro substituents on the benzene ring are useful for the enhancement of activity (Figure 2). Such substituents were selected to offer variable lipophilic, electronic and steric environments in order to influence the biological activity being targeted; said specificity is believed to be responsible for the biological significance of some anticancer agents [11].…”

“…Pyridine is also used in many clinically-used agents; namely, rosiglitazone A [1,2,3], pioglitazone B [1,2,3], milrinone C [1,2,3], amrinone D [3] and etoricoxib E [4,10] (Figure 1). Pyridine-3-carbonitriles, in particular, have been found to possess many biological activities and many optical and electrical qualities [11]. Furthermore, they are important precursors for synthetic manipulations and have been commonly used as precursors and key intermediates in organic synthesis [12,13].…”

Synthesis and Some Properties of New 5-Hydroxy-2-[(hetarylthio)methyl]-4H-pyran-4-ones

“…The 1 Н NMR spectra of compounds 13 and 15 exhibit singlets at 4.47-4.64 ppm (SCH 2 ), as well as signals of the 5-hydroxypyran-4-one fragment at 6.47-6.59 (Н 3 ), 8.01-8.09 (Н 6 ), and 9.11-9.15 ppm (OH). The 13 C NMR spectra of compounds 13 and 15 contain characteristic In the context of the known biological activity of kojic acid derivatives [7][8][9][10][11], nicotinonitriles, and quinoxalines (for recent reviews see [55][56][57][58] and [59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67], respectively), it seemed appropriate to perform a preliminary in silico study of possible targets, ADMET parameters, and the bioavailability criteria for new hybrid molecules. Analysis of the structures for compliance with the "Lipinski's rule of five" [molecule mass (MW) ≤ 500, сLogP ≤ 5.0, TPSA ≤ 140 Å 2 , number of hydrogen bond acceptors ≤ 10, donors ≤ 5] [68-70] was carried out using the OSIRIS Property Explorer software service [71].…”

Design and synthesis of new series of 3‐cyanopyridine and pyrazolopyridine derivatives

“…Due to their chemotherapeutic and pharmaceutical activities, pyridine derivatives and their fused heterocyclic compounds have attracted a considerable attention from organic chemists over the years [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Pyridine is one of the most popular moieties incorporated into the structure of wide range of biologically active compounds.…”