A review status on alternative arrangements of power generation energy resources and reserve in India

Abstract

Due to the fast growth of population in India, consumption of energy is growing at a rapid rate. Today’s energy consumption and its utilization at an optimum level is a big challenge in the nation. There are various factors like a demand to mitigate global energy, availability, accessibility, cost, environmental change and storage facility of energy which are important in modern days. Majority of the population is shifting towards the city in comparison to a rural area (town, village and kasbah). According to this fact, the consumption of energy is increasing in cities. The small- and large-scale industries are located nearby the city, because of the easy availability of raw materials, better transportation services and other resources. So, the requirement of energy in a continuous manner is the prime need in these areas. In rural areas, people are using low-grade energy, and thereby there is not so much burden of energy required. It is also observed that there is a maximum loss of electricity due to transmission in India. Oil, gas and electricity are major resources to supply the energy need of the countrymen. However, the fuel situation of the nation with the shortage of fossil fuels creates pressure to drive the nuclear investment for electricity and nearly 25% contribution by 2050. The nation’s dependency on oil and gas is a critical issue, so the country is looking forward to various renewable energy resources. To accomplish this target, various government organizations are investing in solar and wind energy-related projects along with remote location pilot projects. The role of policymakers in this direction is to develop future strategies to decrease the gap between demand and supply of electricity for the growth of sustainable development. In the present work, energy production from various resources, supply, new policy implementation and import of energy is discussed in India. The study concludes that coal and petroleum product import is continuously increasing in the country for power generation and increasing the level of greenhouse gases. So, the Indian government is investing in power generation projects based on renewable energies in the country. ‘Solar Mission’ to achieve a goal of 20 000 MW solar electricity and 60 GW wind power generation by 2022 is already running in this direction.

Electricity Generation Options for India-A Critical Evaluation

“…As of 2018, India consumed 902 million tonnes (MT) of coal, of which 213 MT was imported. Of the imports, 80 MT is thermal coal for power plants (89) .…”

Feasibility study of the high‐temperature organic Rankine cycle in combined heat and power state from energy, exergy, and economic point of view

“…Also, in remote rural areas where it is not possible to transfer and distribute electricity to them or it is very difficult, using these systems with biomass fuel is a suitable option. 5 Also, biomass fuel can be used as a renewable energy source along with other renewable energy sources such as solar or geothermal to produce electricity as a hybrid system. 6 Several types of research have been done about the ORC powered by biomass.…”

“…With the electricity produced by the mentioned systems with biomass fuel, the electricity needs of a residential building, residential tower, or residential area can be met. Also, in remote rural areas where it is not possible to transfer and distribute electricity to them or it is very difficult, using these systems with biomass fuel is a suitable option 5 …”

Assessment of a novel geothermal powered polygeneration system with zero liquid discharge

“…Global warming and climate change are significant issues, and concerns about them have become more pronounced in the past decade. This challenge is more critical now as increasing numbers of natural disasters such as floods, droughts, and hurricanes are happening throughout the world 1–3 . Moreover, reaching new records of the maximum temperature of days in many countries appears to reinforce this trend.…”