A review: role of interfacial adhesion between carbon blacks and elastomeric materials

Kang, Moon-Sik; Heo, Young-Jung; Jin, Fan‐Long; Park, Soo‐Jin

doi:10.5714/cl.2016.18.001

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Another very common additive, carbon black, which is the most common way to color plastic in black or grey, strongly absorbs in NIR (Beigbeder et al, 2013;Huth-Fehre et al, 1995;Serranti et al, 2012), making NIR-HSI unable to sort dark colored plastics. Its absorption is easily explained by the almost infinite unsaturations conjugation within its graphitic structure (Kang et al, 2016), also explaining its deep black color as it absorbs in the visible range. It also absorbs beyond these boundaries in NIR but also in UV (Allen et al, 1998;Liu and Horrocks, 2002), making it an interesting additive to protect polymeric materials from photodegradation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…% for electrical conductivity where percolation is necessary (Probst et al, 2009;Zhou et al, 2006) and up to 50 wt. % for mechanical reinforcement (Kang et al, 2016;Li et al, 2019), especially in elastomers as in tires. As NIR-HSI, the most used technology to finely discriminate plastics according to their natures, is limited with dark plastics, several alternative sorting technologies are subject to extensive research (Grégoire et al, 2011;Huang et al, 2017;Küter et al, 2018;Langhals et al, 2014;Roh et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2015;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alterations of plastics spectra in MIR and the potential impacts on identification towards recycling

Signoret

Caro-Bretelle

Lopez‐Cuesta

et al. 2020

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

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Plastic recycling is mainly limited by their sorting as their natures, forms and formulation are very numerous and most of them are strongly incompatible, leading to poor mechanical properties. Several industrial sorting technologies exist, and others are in development. However, each of them has drawbacks. Especially, NIR-HSI (Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imagery) is limited by the use of carbon black, mainly as a pigment and UV agent in the case of thermoplastics. MIR-HSI (Mid-Infrared) could be a suitable and viable alternative to resolve this issue. Hence, this work, based on laboratory FTIR-ATR (Fourier-Transform Infrared Attenuated Total Reflection), focuses on possible sources of spectral alteration, which could impair identification of usual polymers using industrial MIR-HSI. It aims to help simple and rapid laboratory characterization and give tools to avoid misidentification or enable specific segregation during industrial sorting. First, acquisition parameters were degraded to simulate those imposed by industrial conditions: short acquisition time, diminished resolution and blank defaults. Then, impact on formulations of usual WEEE (Waste of Electric and Electrical Equipment) plastics were evaluated, with PE, PP, ABS and HIPS as matrices, and carbon black (at different concentrations), calcite, talc, titanium oxide and some flame retardants as additives. Several patterns found in homemade standard samples were recognized within a stock of about one hundred of real waste samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of plastics spectra in MIR and the potential impacts on identification towards recycling

Signoret

Caro-Bretelle

Lopez‐Cuesta

et al. 2020

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

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“…Surface oxidation of carbon black using acid, ozone, and oxygen plasma treatments has the opposite effect, and the enhanced surface activity increases bound rubber and gives moderate enhancements to reinforcement in filled compounds with various elastomers [ 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 ]. Other surface modification approaches—including grafting polymers onto CB—are reviewed elsewhere [ 109 , 110 , 111 ].…”

Section: Chemical Modification Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature of Carbon Black Reinforcement of Rubber: Perspective on the Original Polymer Nanocomposite

Robertson¹,

Hardman

2021

Polymers

135

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Adding carbon black (CB) particles to elastomeric polymers is essential to the successful industrial use of rubber in many applications, and the mechanical reinforcing effect of CB in rubber has been studied for nearly 100 years. Despite these many decades of investigations, the origin of stiffness enhancement of elastomers from incorporating nanometer-scale CB particles is still debated. It is not universally accepted whether the interactions between polymer chains and CB surfaces are purely physical adsorption or whether some polymer–particle chemical bonds are also introduced in the process of mixing and curing the CB-filled rubber compounds. We review key experimental observations of rubber reinforced with CB, including the finding that heat treatment of CB can greatly reduce the filler reinforcement effect in rubber. The details of the particle morphology and surface chemistry are described to give insights into the nature of the CB–elastomer interfaces. This is followed by a discussion of rubber processing effects, the influence of CB on crosslinking, and various chemical modification approaches that have been employed to improve polymer–filler interactions and reinforcement. Finally, we contrast various models that have been proposed for rationalizing the CB reinforcement of elastomers.

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“…According to the processing defined during the manufacture of samples by EBM, the microstructures obtained at room temperature can be classified into three types: completely laminar microstructures, completely equiaxed α grains, and microstructures containing equiaxed α grains in a laminar (bimodal) matrix [ 144 ]. Each microstructure has been found to give manufactured samples different mechanical properties For example, the laminar microstructure has lower strength and ductility but better resistance to fatigue propagation when compared to an equiaxed structure [ 145 ], [ 146 ]. The bimodal microstructure, for its part, presents a good high-cycle fatigue performance given the equiaxed microstructure's high resistance to crack initiation; in addition, the laminar structure retards crack propagation [ 147 ].…”

Section: Structure and Microstructure Of Ti6al4v Alloy Prototypes Obtained Via Electron Beam Meltingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive manufacturing of Ti6Al4V alloy via electron beam melting for the development of implants for the biomedical industry

Tamayo

Riascos

Vargas

et al. 2021

Heliyon

108

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Additive Manufacturing (AM) or rapid prototyping technologies are presented as one of the best options to produce customized prostheses and implants with high-level requirements in terms of complex geometries, mechanical properties, and short production times. The AM method that has been more investigated to obtain metallic implants for medical and biomedical use is Electron Beam Melting (EBM), which is based on the powder bed fusion technique. One of the most common metals employed to manufacture medical implants is titanium. Although discovered in 1790, titanium and its alloys only started to be used as engineering materials for biomedical prostheses after the 1950s. In the biomedical field, these materials have been mainly employed to facilitate bone adhesion and fixation, as well as for joint replacement surgeries, thanks to their good chemical, mechanical, and biocompatibility properties. Therefore, this study aims to collect relevant and up-to-date information from an exhaustive literature review on EBM and its applications in the medical and biomedical fields. This AM method has become increasingly popular in the manufacturing sector due to its great versatility and geometry control.

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A review: role of interfacial adhesion between carbon blacks and elastomeric materials

Cited by 20 publications

References 90 publications

Alterations of plastics spectra in MIR and the potential impacts on identification towards recycling

Alterations of plastics spectra in MIR and the potential impacts on identification towards recycling

Nature of Carbon Black Reinforcement of Rubber: Perspective on the Original Polymer Nanocomposite

Additive manufacturing of Ti6Al4V alloy via electron beam melting for the development of implants for the biomedical industry

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