A review: phase transformation and wear mechanisms of single-step and dual-step austempered ductile irons

Wang, Bingxu; Barber, Gary C.; Qiu, Feng; Zou, Qian; Yang, Hong–Yu

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.10.074

Cited by 42 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Comparing cast iron and steel by loading capacity and durability, the output will be similar. It was reported [13] that cast irons produced by conventional heat treatment process comparing with single-step ADI have higher wear loss under equivalent hardness. The excellent wear resistance of ADI is associated with stress-induced transformation from residual austenite into martensite to improve the surface hardness.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tribo-fatigue Behavior of Austempered Ductile Iron MoNiCa as New Structural Material for Rail-wheel System

Bendikienė¹,

Bahdanovich²,

Česnavičius³

et al. 2020

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This research presents the results of tribo-fatigue behavior of austempered ductile cast iron MoNiCa and gives a comparison with standard grades of steel and cast iron. Due to the possibility to combine the castability of cast iron and toughness of steel in one material, new structural material MoNiCa attracted attention of industry and science because of economic benefits and high performance at the different application areas. After successful former experiments the main directions of further development of research for solving relevant practical wear and fatigue problems in rail-wheel system were framed. The complex experimental studies have demonstrated that MoNiCa is consistent with heat treated steels including the rail steels: required tensile strength of rail steel ranges from 1180 MPa to 1280 MPa when rolling surface hardness have to be from 38 HRC to 44 HRC whereas new structural material showed higher tensile strength up to 1400 MPa and slightly higher hardness up to 50 HRC. Herewith the workability of frictional couple cast iron MoNiCa/steel 20MnCr5G exceeds work performance of steel/steel system by 14 %.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2): 1) austenization at 890 °C for 30 min; 2) quenching in salt bath, 5 s; 3) austempering at three different temperatures 270 °C, 300 °C and 330 °C; and 4) air quenching [6]. It was avoided to select higher process temperature trying to avoid worse wear performance of ADI as reported by other authors [13].…”

Section: Testing Procedures and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribo-fatigue Behavior of Austempered Ductile Iron MoNiCa as New Structural Material for Rail-wheel System

Bendikienė¹,

Bahdanovich²,

Česnavičius³

et al. 2020

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“…Then, the fully austenitized GI samples were quickly transferred to another pre-heated low temperature salt bath furnace (50% KNO3 + 50% NaNO3) for the austempering process at various austempering temperatures (232 °C, 260 °C, 288 °C, 316 °C, 343 °C, and 371 °C) and holding times (1 min, 2 min, 3 min, 6 min, 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, and 120 min). The above parameters were selected in terms of the previous related research [6,10,[15][16][17][18][19]. Then, the AGI samples were cooled to room temperature by water.…”

Section: Austempering Heat Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wear Behavior of Austempered and Quenched and Tempered Gray Cast Irons under Similar Hardness

Wang

Han

Barber

et al. 2019

Metals

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In this research, an austempering heat treatment was applied on gray cast iron using various austempering temperatures ranging from 232 °C to 371 °C and holding times ranging from 1 min to 120 min. The microstructure and hardness were examined using optical microscopy and a Rockwell hardness tester. Rotational ball-on-disk sliding wear tests were carried out to investigate the wear behavior of austempered gray cast iron samples and to compare with conventional quenched and tempered gray cast iron samples under equivalent hardness. For the austempered samples, it was found that acicular ferrite and carbon saturated austenite were formed in the matrix. The ferritic platelets became coarse when increasing the austempering temperature or extending the holding time. Hardness decreased due to a decreasing amount of martensite in the matrix. In wear tests, austempered gray cast iron samples showed slightly higher wear resistance than quenched and tempered samples under similar hardness while using the austempering temperatures of 232 °C, 260 °C, 288 °C, and 316 °C and distinctly better wear resistance while using the austempering temperatures of 343 °C and 371 °C. After analyzing the worn surface, abrasive wear and fatigue wear with the presence of pits, spalls, voids, long cracks, and wear debris were the main mechanisms for austempered gray cast iron with a low austempering temperature. However, only small pits and short cracks were observed on the wear track of austempered gray cast iron with high austempering temperature. Furthermore, the graphite flakes were exposed and ground by the counterpart surface during wear tests. Then, the graphite particles would form a tribo-layer to protect the contact surface.

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“…As microestruturas das amostras austemperadas em temperaturas mais elevadas exibem uma maior fração de austenita retida e menor quantidade de ferrita acicular. Em austêmperas realizadas em temperaturas mais baixas, a microestrutura exibe uma menor quantidade de austenita retida e maior quantidade de ferrita acicular , dependendo da temperatura de austêmpera utilizada [28].…”

Section: -Influência Da Temperatura E Do Tempo De Austêmpera Nas Propriedades Mecânicas Dos Adi´sunclassified

“…Este elemento também é capaz de retardar a formação do estágio I, e se for adicionado em teores acima de 1% (em peso), tende a diminuir a temperatura eutetóide do material. Quando utilizado em conjunto com o cobre, causa um aumento na temperatura Ms (temperatura de início da transformação martensítica), facilitando a formação da martensita e provocando o endurecimento do material [28], [36], [41].…”

Section: -Influência Dos Elementos De Liga Na Microestrutura Dos Adi´sunclassified

Produção e caracterização de ferros fundidos nodulares ligados com nióbio submetidos a tratamentos termoquímicos de boretação e termorreativos

Junior¹,

Tadeu²

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A review: phase transformation and wear mechanisms of single-step and dual-step austempered ductile irons

Cited by 42 publications

References 69 publications

Tribo-fatigue Behavior of Austempered Ductile Iron MoNiCa as New Structural Material for Rail-wheel System

Tribo-fatigue Behavior of Austempered Ductile Iron MoNiCa as New Structural Material for Rail-wheel System

Wear Behavior of Austempered and Quenched and Tempered Gray Cast Irons under Similar Hardness

Produção e caracterização de ferros fundidos nodulares ligados com nióbio submetidos a tratamentos termoquímicos de boretação e termorreativos

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