A Review on Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) Tilt-Rotor and Tilt Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)

Misra, Akshat; Jayachandran, Sudhakaran; Kenche, Shivam; Katoch, Anirudh; Suresh, Arjun; Gundabattini, Edison; Selvaraj, Senthil Kumaran; Adefris, Addisalem

doi:10.1155/2022/1803638

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Since m B depends solely on the propulsion and aerodynamics of the X-Vert, each of these must be mathematically manipulated in order to allow for the implementation of (41). Starting with (7) and linearizing it for the operating condition defined by Ω 0 , the moment contribution from the propulsion subsystem becomes…”

Section: Rotational Dynamics In Affine Formmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reviews in Refs. [5][6][7] provide additional insights into VTOL aircraft. Among the different hybrid and convertible UAVs mentioned in these works, tail-sitters have a simplified mechanical design, generally requiring fewer actuators and moving parts, although at the cost of being susceptible to crosswinds when performing vertical flight, as the wing is perpendicular to the ground, and thus requiring complex transition maneuvers [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Nonlinear and Incremental Control Stabilization of a Tail-Sitter UAV with Hardware-in-the-Loop Validation

Athayde,

Moutinho,

Azinheira

2024

Robotics

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Tail-sitters aim to combine the advantages of fixed-wing aircraft and rotorcraft but require a robust and fast stabilization strategy to perform vertical maneuvers and transitions to and from aerodynamic flight. The research conducted in this work explores different nonlinear control solutions for the problem of stabilizing a tail-sitter when hovering. For this purpose, the first controller is an existing strategy for tail-sitter control obtained from the literature, the second is an application of Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion (NDI), and the last one is its incremental version, INDI. These controllers were implemented and tuned in a simulation in order to stabilize a model of the tail-sitter, complemented by estimation methods that allow the feedback of the necessary variables. These estimators and controllers were then implemented in a microcontroller and validated in a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HITL) scenario with simple maneuvers in vertical flight. Lastly, the developed control solutions were used to stabilize the aircraft in experimental flight while being monitored by a motion capture system. The experimental results allow the validation of the model of the X-Vert and provide a comparison of the performance of the different control solutions, where the INDI presents itself as a robust control strategy with accurate tracking capabilities and less actuator demand.

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Section: Rotational Dynamics In Affine Formmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Nonlinear and Incremental Control Stabilization of a Tail-Sitter UAV with Hardware-in-the-Loop Validation

Athayde,

Moutinho,

Azinheira

2024

Robotics

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“…The VTOL type UAV is currently one of the most dynamically developing unmanned technologies [ 38 , 39 , 40 ]. The VTOL platform ( Figure 2 ) used at this stage of research was a prototype on a 1:1 scale.…”

Section: Architecture Of Uav Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision Landing Tests of Tethered Multicopter and VTOL UAV on Moving Landing Pad on a Lake

Kownacki

Ambroziak

Ciężkowski

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Autonomous take-off and landing on a moving landing pad are extraordinarily complex and challenging functionalities of modern UAVs, especially if they must be performed in windy environments. The article presents research focused on achieving such functionalities for two kinds of UAVs, i.e., a tethered multicopter and VTOL. Both vehicles are supported by a landing pad navigation station, which communicates with their ROS-based onboard computer. The computer integrates navigational data from the UAV and the landing pad navigational station through the utilization of an extended Kalman filter, which is a typical approach in such applications. The novelty of the presented system is extending navigational data with data from the ultra wide band (UWB) system, and this makes it possible to achieve a landing accuracy of about 1 m. In the research, landing tests were carried out in real conditions on a lake for both UAVs. In the tests, a special mobile landing pad was built and based on a barge. The results show that the expected accuracy of 1 m is indeed achieved, and both UAVs are ready to be tested in real conditions on a ferry.

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“…The tilt-rotor aircraft is similar to a glider but has a rotor on top of its fixed wing [21]. It is a hybrid of a glider and a quadrotor or tri-rotor UAVs [29]. An extra servomotor is used to tilt the rotor-carrying shaft.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerodynamic modeling and performance analysis of model predictive controller for fixed wing vertical takeoff and landing unmanned aerial vehicle

Getachew,

Zeleke

2024

Eng. Res. Express

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TThis research focuses mainly on the aerodynamic modelling and performance analysis of a model predictive controller for a hybrid fixed-wing vertical takeoff and landing of unmanned aerial vehicle. The aerodynamics, which comprises several aerodynamic characteristics including the lift, drag, and thrust coefficients, is modelled using Newton's second law of motion. The force and moment equations were obtained, and they were then converted into matrix and state equation form, together with the transformation matrices. The essential equations with six degrees of freedom (6 DoF) and 12 state matrices including the control input and manipulating variables were obtained. The proposed model predictive controller (MPC) was designed using the optimal model predictive controller design parameters, such as a sampling time of 0.1, a prediction horizon of 15, a control horizon of 3 and additional controller settings. With a settling period of 3 seconds, an overshoot of 0.5865, and a steady state inaccuracy of 0.00785, the MATLAB simulation demonstrates that the system variables, including roll, pitch, and yaw, are stabilized. This MPC control is more effective in anticipating and optimizing the UAV than other control strategies. Eventually, the controller's simulation on MATLAB Simulink demonstrates the controller's ability to stabilize and control the system in a real-time application. Autonomous vertical takeoff and landing operations depend heavily on the mathematical model and architecture of the flight controller. Among the uses are inspection, monitoring, and rescue.

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A Review on Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) Tilt-Rotor and Tilt Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Experimental Nonlinear and Incremental Control Stabilization of a Tail-Sitter UAV with Hardware-in-the-Loop Validation

Experimental Nonlinear and Incremental Control Stabilization of a Tail-Sitter UAV with Hardware-in-the-Loop Validation

Precision Landing Tests of Tethered Multicopter and VTOL UAV on Moving Landing Pad on a Lake

Aerodynamic modeling and performance analysis of model predictive controller for fixed wing vertical takeoff and landing unmanned aerial vehicle

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