A review on utilization of wood biomass as a sustainable precursor for activated carbon production and application

Danish, Mohammed; Tauheed, A.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.02.003

Cited by 631 publications

(264 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…In the recent years, the applications of biomass had been paid much attention, and it has been a research hotspot. 4 It is an ideal carbon material that has great application in many fields. However, biomass is considered as a promising renewable energy source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen‐doping activated biomass carbon from tea seed shell for CO ₂ capture and supercapacitor

2019

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Activated carbon is a promising material that has a broad application prospect.In this work, biomass (tea seed shell) was used to prepare activated carbon with KOH activation (referred to as AC), and nitrogen was doped in activated carbon using melamine as the nitrogen source (referred to as NAC-x, where x is the mass ratio of melamine and activated carbon). The obtained activated biomass carbon (activated bio-carbon) samples were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)-specific surface area analysis, ultimate analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, Raman spectrum analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The specific surface areas of activated bio-carbons were 1503.20 m 2 /g (AC), 1064.54 m 2 /g (NAC-1), 1187.93 m 2 /g (NAC-2), 1055.32 m 2 /g (NAC-3), and 706.22 m 2 /g (NAC-4), revealing that nitrogen-doping process leads to decrease in specific surface area. XPS analysis revealed that the main nitrogen-containing functional groups were pyrrolic-N and pyridinic-N. The capacity of CO 2 capture and electrochemical performance of activated bio-carbon samples were investigated. The CO 2 capturing capacity followed this order: AC (3.15 mmol/g) > NAC-2 (2.75 mmol/g) > NAC-1 (2.69 mmol/g) > NAC-3 (2.44 mmol/g) > NAC-4 (1.95 mmol/g) at 298 K at 1 bar, which is consistent with the order of specific surface area. The specific surface area played a dominant role in CO 2 capturing capacity. As for supercapacitor, AC-4 showed the highest specific capacitance (168 F/g) at the current density of 0.5 A/g, but NAC-2 showed the best electrochemical performance (89 F/g) at 2 A/g. Nitrogen-containing functional groups and specific surface area both had an important impact on electrochemical performance. In general, NAC-3 and NAC-2 produced excellent electrochemical performance. Compared with NAC-3, less melamine was used to prepare NAC-2; therefore, NAC-2 was considered as the best activated bio-carbon for supercapacitor for 141 F/g (at 0.5 A/g), 108 F/g (at 1 A/g), and 89 F/g (at 2 A/g) in this work.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3 Activated carbon is carbonaceous material containing developed internal pore structure with high specific surface area. 4 It is an ideal carbon material that has great application in many fields. The most common application of activated carbon is to be adsorbent for various pollutants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen‐doping activated biomass carbon from tea seed shell for CO ₂ capture and supercapacitor

2019

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“…Afonso et al [8] analyzed charcoal properties of nine species with high commercial value in Mozambique and their results indicated similar quality comparing with that made from Eucalyptus species. Another alternative for producing charcoal is from biomass waste [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charcoal anatomy and NIR spectra of Spirostachys africana, Terminalia sp. and Colophospermum mopane in different carbonization process

et al. 2020

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In Mozambique, charcoal processes can result in several disturbances in natural forests. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of four carbonization methodologies on the anatomical characteristics and near infrared spectra of Spirostachys africana, Terminalia sp. and Colophospermum mopane, to contribute with information for an identification database for charcoal control. The carbonization was done in an electric muffle furnace with different final temperature (400/450 °C) and total time (40 min/2 h, 4 h, 6 h). The quantitative changes in anatomy of charcoal samples was not directly related to carbonization programs with respect to particular features of each species. Species are best distinguished for the NIR spectra in the region from 4000 to 5000 cm −1 . In the analysis by species, charcoal produced at 450 °C-4 h were more distinct in comparison to other programs that resulted in mixed samples. Final temperature influenced more than total process time in species distinction and the use of NIR is reinforced as a potential tool to discriminate species submitted to different carbonization processes. These traits can be applied in species discrimination based on databases of wood anatomical descriptions and charcoal NIR spectra.

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“…In fact, the interest for using activated carbons for adsorption has spread into diverse industrial fields such as food, chemical, petroleum, nuclear or pharmaceutical industries among others (Bansal and Goyal, 2005). The environmental and economic advantages of this method are obviously increased when activated carbons are obtained from biomass waste because it is cheap, renewable and available in large quantities (Danish and Ahmad, 2018). Specifically, olive stone, a lignocellulosic biomass waste highly abundant in our region, is a potential precursor of activated carbons (López-González et al, 1980;Rodríguez-Reinoso et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

About the Role of Porosity and Surface Chemistry of Phosphorus-Containing Activated Carbons in the Removal of Micropollutants

et al. 2019

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The preparation of phosphorus-containing activated carbons and the effect of their surface chemistry and porosity on the performance as adsorbents of paracetamol are herein reported. A parent activated carbon is prepared by chemical activation of olive stones with phosphoric acid at 500 • C and impregnation weight ratio of 3:1. This carbon is thermal treated under inert atmosphere at 900 • C, producing porosity shrinkage, loss of 20% of surface area and less oxidized phosphorus groups. In addition, our knowledge about the redox behavior of P-containing groups has allowed the controlled gasification of the parent activated carbon in diluted air atmosphere, developing wide micropores and mesopores, increasing 40% the specific surface area and producing more oxidized phosphorus groups. Adsorption of a model micropollutant, paracetamol, has been conducted over these activated carbons by using diluted aqueous solutions (<10 mg L −1 ). Batch and small-scale column experiments confirmed that the presence of narrow microporosity and surface chemistry compatible with paracetamol improves the adsorption capacity, at the point of overcoming the potential effect of additional microporosity development. Moreover, the presence of a well-developed micro-and mesoporisity combined with a low surface acidity (that increases the affinity of the activated carbon surface and paracetamol) enhances the mass transfer rate of the adsorbent, improving the small-scale column performance parameters. To sum up, this study emphasizes the key role played by surface chemistry on the applicability of P-containing activated carbon as adsorbents. These results also confirm that controlled gasification at high temperatures of P-containing activated carbons is a useful method for improving their behavior in micropollutant abatement.

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A review on utilization of wood biomass as a sustainable precursor for activated carbon production and application

Cited by 631 publications

References 161 publications

Nitrogen‐doping activated biomass carbon from tea seed shell for CO ₂ capture and supercapacitor

Nitrogen‐doping activated biomass carbon from tea seed shell for CO ₂ capture and supercapacitor

Charcoal anatomy and NIR spectra of Spirostachys africana, Terminalia sp. and Colophospermum mopane in different carbonization process

About the Role of Porosity and Surface Chemistry of Phosphorus-Containing Activated Carbons in the Removal of Micropollutants

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A review on utilization of wood biomass as a sustainable precursor for activated carbon production and application

Cited by 631 publications

References 161 publications

Nitrogen‐doping activated biomass carbon from tea seed shell for CO 2 capture and supercapacitor

Nitrogen‐doping activated biomass carbon from tea seed shell for CO 2 capture and supercapacitor

Charcoal anatomy and NIR spectra of Spirostachys africana, Terminalia sp. and Colophospermum mopane in different carbonization process

About the Role of Porosity and Surface Chemistry of Phosphorus-Containing Activated Carbons in the Removal of Micropollutants

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Nitrogen‐doping activated biomass carbon from tea seed shell for CO ₂ capture and supercapacitor

Nitrogen‐doping activated biomass carbon from tea seed shell for CO ₂ capture and supercapacitor