A review on Trichinella infection in South America

Ribicich, M.; Aronowicz, Tatiana; Ercole, Mariano Emmanuel; Bessi, Clara; Winter, Marina; Pasqualetti, Mariana Inés

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109234

Cited by 38 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…In South America, Trichinella spp. infections have been detected in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile (larvae isolation), Brazil, and Ecuador (antibody detection) with most studies focusing on the domestic cycle (Bjorland et al, 1993;Ribicich et al, 2020). Four species have been reported: Trichinella spiralis Owen, 1835, Trichinella patagoniensis Krivokapich et al, 2012, Trichinella britovi Pozio et al, 1992, and T. pseudospiralis (Krivokapich et al, 2006Krivokapich et al, 2012;Krivokapich et al, 2015;Krivokapich et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four species have been reported: Trichinella spiralis Owen, 1835, Trichinella patagoniensis Krivokapich et al, 2012, Trichinella britovi Pozio et al, 1992, and T. pseudospiralis (Krivokapich et al, 2006Krivokapich et al, 2012;Krivokapich et al, 2015;Krivokapich et al, 2019). Additionally, Trichinella infections have been documented from eight wild species: cougar (Puma concolor Linnaeus, 1771), wild boar (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758), fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus gracilis Fischer, 1814), opossum (Didelphis albiventris Lund, 1840), sea lion (Otaria flavescens Shaw, 1800), pecarí (Tayassu tajacu Palmer, 1897), armadillo (Chaetophractus villosus Desmerest, 1804), and pericote (Graomys centralis Thomas, 1902) (Minoprio, Abdon & Abdon, 1967;Ribicich et al, 2020;Soria et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First record of Trichinella in Leopardus guigna (Carnivora, Felidae) and Galictis cuja (Carnivora, Mustelidae): new hosts in Chile

Echeverry

Henríquez

Oyarzún‐Ruiz

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Background Trichinellosis is a zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution. It is caused by several species of nematodes in the genus Trichinella. Trichinella spp. are transmitted through predation or carrion consumption and occur in domestic and sylvatic cycles. In humans trichinellosis occurs due to the consumption of raw or undercooked, infected meat and is mainly associated with the household slaughter of pigs or the consumption of game animals without veterinary inspection, a cultural practice that is difficult to resolve. Therefore, knowledge of this parasite’s reservoir is relevant for better implementing public health strategies. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of Trichinella sp. in several carnivore and omnivore vertebrates in central-southern Chile. Methods We collected muscle tissue from a total of 53 animals from 15 species and were digested to detect Trichinella larvae which were further identified to species level using molecular techniques. Results We detected Trichinella larvae in Leopardus guigna (Felidae) and Galictis cuja (Mustelidae). We identified the larvae collected from L. guigna as Trichinella spiralis, but we were unable to molecularly characterize the larvae from G. cuja. This is the first record of Trichinella in a native mustelid of South America and the first record of T. spiralis in L. guigna. This study identified two novel hosts; however, further work is needed to identify the role that these and other hosts play in the cycle of Trichinella in Chile.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First record of Trichinella in Leopardus guigna (Carnivora, Felidae) and Galictis cuja (Carnivora, Mustelidae): new hosts in Chile

Echeverry

Henríquez

Oyarzún‐Ruiz

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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“…In South America, Trichinella is present in Bolivia, Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador and Chile, and most studies have focused on the domestic cycle [16]. Four Trichinella species have been reported in this continent, mainly in Argentina: T. spiralis, T. patagoniensis, T. britovi and T. pseudospiralis [17,18,19,20], as well as in cougars, wild boars, foxes, opossums, sea lions, armadillos and a cricetid rodent, Graomys centralis [16,21]. These are the described wild host of Trichinella in the sylvatic environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichinella in Wildlife in Chile With the First Record in Leopardus Guigna and Galictis Cuja

Echeverry

Henríquez

González‐Acuña

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Trichinellosis is a worldwide distributed disease caused by Trichinella species and also considered neglected and emerging. Trichinella spp. are transmitted by predation or carrion consumption and present a domestic and a sylvatic cycle. Human trichinellosis occurs due to the consumption of raw or poorly cooked infected meat, mainly associated with the household slaughter of pigs without veterinary inspection, a cultural practice that is difficult to resolve. Therefore, the knowledge of the reservoir of this parasite is relevant. Methods: The aim of this study was to assess the presence of Trichinella sp. in several carnivore and omnivore vertebrates in Central-Southern Chile. A total of 61 animals, either found run over or that died in rescue/rehabilitation centers, encompassing 15 species, were examined by artificial digestion for detection of Trichinella larvae, and larvae were molecularly analyzed to identify the species. Results: Trichinella larvae were found in a Leopardus guigna and a Galictis cuja. Only those of L. guigna could be identified as Trichinella spiralis. Conclusions: This is the first record of Trichinella in a native mustelid of South America and the first record of T. spiralis in L. guigna. These results increase the number of hosts, enhancing the need to identify the role of these animals in the reservoir for humans, and highlighting the priority that the study of the rural-sylvatic interphase represents.

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“…Argentina and Chile were found to have the largest number of human cases [8,9,10]. Four Trichinella species have been reported in this continent, mainly in Argentina: T. spiralis Owen, 1835; T. patagoniensis Krivokapich et al 2012; T. britovi Pozio et al 1992;and T. pseudospiralis Garkavi, 1972 [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and geographic analysis of human trichinellosis incidence in Chile with risk assessment

Landaeta‐Aqueveque

Ayala

Poblete-Toledo

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Trichinellosis is a foodborne disease caused by several Trichinella species around the world. In Chile, the domestic cycle was fairly well-studied in previous decades, but has been neglected in recent years. The aims of this study were to analyze, geographically, the incidence of trichinellosis in Chile to assess the relative risk, as well as to analyze the temporal fluctuation in the incidence rates in the last decades. Using temporal data spanning 1964–2019, as well as geographical data from 2010–2019, the time series of cases was analyzed with ARIMA models to explore trends and periodicity. The Dickey–Fuller test was used to study trends, and the Portmanteau test was used to study white noise in the model residuals. The Besag–York–Mollie (BYM) model was used to create Bayesian maps of the level of risk relative to that expected by the overall population. The association of the relative risk with the number of farmed swine was assessed with Spearman’s correlation. The number of annual cases varied between 5 and 220 (mean: 65.13); the annual rate of reported cases varied between 0.03 and 1.9 cases per 105 inhabitants (mean: 0.53). The cases of trichinellosis in Chile showed a downward trend that has become more evident since the 1980s. No periodicities were detected via the autocorrelation function. Communes (the smallest geographical administrative subdivision) with high incidence rates and high relative risk were mostly observed in the Araucanía region. The relative risk of the commune was significantly associated with the number of farmed pigs and boar (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758). The results allowed us to state that trichinellosis is not an (re)emerging disease in Chile, but local conditions must be further studied to identify the factors favoring the presence of outbreaks in some communes, particularly in Araucanía.

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A review on Trichinella infection in South America

Cited by 38 publications

References 20 publications

First record of Trichinella in Leopardus guigna (Carnivora, Felidae) and Galictis cuja (Carnivora, Mustelidae): new hosts in Chile

First record of Trichinella in Leopardus guigna (Carnivora, Felidae) and Galictis cuja (Carnivora, Mustelidae): new hosts in Chile

Trichinella in Wildlife in Chile With the First Record in Leopardus Guigna and Galictis Cuja

Temporal and geographic analysis of human trichinellosis incidence in Chile with risk assessment

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