A review on titanosilicate-1 (TS-1) catalysts: Research progress of regulating titanium species

Design of Novel Photoactive Modified Titanium Silicalites and Their Application for Venlafaxine Degradation under Simulated Solar Irradiation

“…In addition, for all the materials, V microðN 2 Þ < V microðCO 2 Þ (Table 1), confirming that N 2 faces kinetic restraints to enter the narrow micropores. This observation is consistent with their ultramicroporous nature, [37] although based on the average pore size (APS) determined by the Barret-Joyner-Halenda method (BJH), all the materials retain a certain degree of mesoporosity.…”

“…[ 36 ] Therefore, the need to obtain TS with a high TiO 4 content is still a challenge and has led to the development of strategies to slow down the hydrolysis of Ti precursors using complexing agents such as H 2 O 2 , acetylacetonate, or isopropanol. [ 37 ] In this context, Ma et al reported that polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) acts as a structure‐directing agent (SDA) in the synthesis of TSs, competing with commonly used surfactants, such as TPAOH, and regulating the nanostructuration of the silica skeleton. [ 38 ] In addition, PVP decreases the condensation rate once the titanium precursor is hydrolyzed, favoring its crosslinking with the hydrolyzed silica precursor.…”

Investigation on Titanium Silicalite-1 Zeolite Synthesis Employing ATPAOH as an Organic Structure Directing Agent

“…This function has recently been found and applied in the synthesis of aluminum-containing zeolites such as ZSM-5, H-MOR, MCM-22, etc. − The strong interaction between OSDAs and the inorganic host is studied, and it inspires efforts to tailor the framework Al by optimizing OSDAs . The distribution of Ti species within the matrix is also crucial for TS-1 zeolite, as its content, − coordination states, − as well as accessibility − determines the catalytic performance of TS-1 zeolite. Several strategies , have been developed to adjust the distribution of heteroatoms in the zeolite skeleton.…”

Resolving the Reaction Mechanism and Active Sites for Oxidation–Hydration of Ethylene toward Ethylene Glycol Synthesis over Bifunctional Al/TS-1 Catalysts

“…To increase the selectivity of glycols, the hydration ratio of H 2 O/EO is usually increased, which also leads to a high water content in the aqueous glycol solution, requiring multistage evaporation and higher energy consumption. In recent years, titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) catalysts have been widely used in catalytic reactions of various olefins in the multiphase H 2 O 2 /TS-1 oxidation system due to their environmentally friendly and selective catalytic properties. − Recently, researchers attempted to introduce trivalent metals such as Al and Fe into TS-1 to form bifunctional catalysts and used them in olefin epoxidation-hydration reactions. ,− The results showed that the introduction of trivalent metals increased the acidity of TS-1, promoted the ring-opening reaction of EO, and directly converted ethylene and H 2 O 2 to the EG product over bifunctional catalysts under mild experimental conditions. Al/TS-1 has been found to exhibit better catalytic performance in the oxidation–hydration of ethylene, with the conversion and utilization of H 2 O 2 reaching 95 and 90%, respectively, and the yield of EG plus monomethyl ether was greater than 10% .…”